Spring 事務管理（8）

事務管理

一個數據庫事務是一個被視爲單一的工作單元的操作序列。這些操作應該要麼完整地執行，要麼完全不執行。事務管理是一個重要組成部分，RDBMS 面向企業應用程序，以確保數據完整性和一致性。事務的概念可以描述爲具有以下四個關鍵屬性說成是 ACID：

屬性	描述
原子性	事務應該當作一個單獨單元的操作，這意味着整個序列操作要麼是成功，要麼是失敗的。
一致性	這表示數據庫的引用完整性的一致性，表中唯一的主鍵等。
隔離性	可能同時處理很多有相同的數據集的事務，每個事務應該與其他事務隔離，以防止數據損壞。
持久性	一個事務一旦完成全部操作後，這個事務的結果必須是永久性的，不能因系統故障而從數據庫中刪除。

使用 begin transaction 命令開始事務。使用 SQL 查詢語句執行各種刪除、更新或插入操作。如果所有的操作都成功，則執行提交操作，否則回滾所有操作。

Spring 編程式事務管理

創建student表

CREATE TABLE Student(
   ID   INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE  INT NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

創建marks表

CREATE TABLE Marks(
   SID INT NOT NULL,
   MARKS  INT NOT NULL,
   YEAR   INT NOT NULL
);

studengDao.java

package ds;

import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;

public interface studentDao {
    public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource);
    public void setTransactionManager(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager);
    public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year);
    public List<student> students();
}

student.java

package ds;

public class student {
    private Integer age;
    private String name;
    private Integer id;
    private Integer marks;
    private Integer year;
    private Integer sid;

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getMarks() {
        return marks;
    }

    public void setMarks(Integer marks) {
        this.marks = marks;
    }

    public Integer getYear() {
        return year;
    }

    public void setYear(Integer year) {
        this.year = year;
    }

    public Integer getSid() {
        return sid;
    }

    public void setSid(Integer sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }
}

studentjdbcTemplate.java

package ds;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.MapSqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.SqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcCall;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class studentJdbcTemplate implements studentDao {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;

    @Override
    public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }

    @Override
    public void setTransactionManager(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager) {
        this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
    }

    @Override
    public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year) {
        TransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        TransactionStatus status = this.transactionManager.getTransaction(def);
        try {
            String SQL1 = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)";
            jdbcTemplate.update( SQL1, name, age);
            // Get the latest student id to be used in Marks table
            String SQL2 = "select max(id) from Student";
            int sid = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(SQL2,new Object[]{},Integer.class);
            String SQL3 = "insert into Marks(sid, marks, year) " + "values (?, ?, ?)";
            jdbcTemplate.update( SQL3, sid, marks, year);
            System.out.println("Created Name = " + name + ", Age = " + age);
            transactionManager.commit(status);
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
            transactionManager.rollback(status);
            throw e;
        }
        return;
    }

    @Override
    public List<student> students() {
        String SQL = "select * from Student, Marks where Student.id=Marks.sid";
        List <student> studentMarks = jdbcTemplate.query(SQL,new studentMapper());
        return studentMarks;
    }
}

studentmapper.java

package ds;


import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class studentMapper implements RowMapper<student> {
    @Override
    public student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        student studentMarks = new student();
        studentMarks.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
        studentMarks.setName(rs.getString("name"));
        studentMarks.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
        studentMarks.setSid(rs.getInt("sid"));
        studentMarks.setMarks(rs.getInt("marks"));
        studentMarks.setYear(rs.getInt("year"));
        return studentMarks;
    }
}

springconfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd ">

      <bean id="studentJdbcTemplate" class="ds.studentJdbcTemplate">
          <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
          <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
      </bean>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TEST?useSSL=false"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>


</beans>

main.java

import ds.student;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import ds.*;

import java.util.List;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
        studentJdbcTemplate studentJDBCTemplate =
                (studentJdbcTemplate)context.getBean("studentJdbcTemplate");
        System.out.println("------Records creation--------" );
        studentJDBCTemplate.create("Zara", 11, 99, 2010);
        studentJDBCTemplate.create("Nuha", 20, 97, 2010);
        studentJDBCTemplate.create("Ayan", 25, 100, 2011);
        System.out.println("------Listing all the records--------" );
        List<student> studentMarks = studentJDBCTemplate.students();
        for (student record : studentMarks) {
            System.out.print("ID : " + record.getId() );
            System.out.print(", Name : " + record.getName() );
            System.out.print(", Marks : " + record.getMarks());
            System.out.print(", Year : " + record.getYear());
            System.out.println(", Age : " + record.getAge());
        }
    }
}

測試

Spring 聲明式事務管理

工程目錄結構

studentJdbcTemplate.java

package ds;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.MapSqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.SqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcCall;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class studentJdbcTemplate implements studentDao {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Override
    public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
        System.out.println("setDataSource");
        this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }


    @Override
    public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year) {
        try {
            String SQL1 = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)";
            jdbcTemplate.update( SQL1, name, age);
            // Get the latest student id to be used in Marks table
            String SQL2 = "select max(id) from Student";
            int sid = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(SQL2,new Object[]{},Integer.class);
            String SQL3 = "insert into Marks(sid, marks, year) " + "values (?, ?, ?)";
            jdbcTemplate.update( SQL3, sid, marks, year);
            System.out.println("Created Name = " + name + ", Age = " + age);
            throw new RuntimeException("simulate Error condition");
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
            throw e;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<student> students() {
        String SQL = "select * from Student, Marks where Student.id=Marks.sid";
        List <student> studentMarks = jdbcTemplate.query(SQL,new studentMapper());
        return studentMarks;
    }
}

springconfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- Initialization for data source -->
    <bean id="dataSource"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TEST?useSSL=false"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice"  transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
        <aop:pointcut id="createOperation" expression="execution(* ds.studentJdbcTemplate.create(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="createOperation"/>
    </aop:config>


    <bean id="studentJDBCTemplate" class="ds.studentJdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

</beans>

main.java

import ds.student;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import ds.*;

import java.util.List;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");

        studentJdbcTemplate stuJdbcTemplate = (studentJdbcTemplate)context.getBean("studentJDBCTemplate");

        System.out.println("------Records creation--------" );
        stuJdbcTemplate.create("Zara", 11, 99, 2010);
        stuJdbcTemplate.create("Nuha", 20, 97, 2010);
        stuJdbcTemplate.create("Ayan", 25, 100, 2011);
        System.out.println("------Listing all the records--------" );
        List<student> studentMarks = stuJdbcTemplate.students();

        for (student record : studentMarks) {
            System.out.print("ID : " + record.getId() );
            System.out.print(", Name : " + record.getName() );
            System.out.print(", Marks : " + record.getMarks());
            System.out.print(", Year : " + record.getYear());
            System.out.println(", Age : " + record.getAge());
        }
    }
}

測試結果