一創建工程
File->New->module->Maven->Module SDK(1.8)->選擇Create from archetype(骨架的構架)
->org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp
->Parent
->Name springmvc_day01_01_start
->GroupId cn.itcast
->Artifactld: springmvc_day01_01_start
->Next
在此出現Maven構建比較慢的情況,需要增加Properties-> + 號
Name->archetypeCatalog
Value->internal
->OK 完成
二 IDEA兩個引入功能解析
import changes
最簡單的說法,如果你想勤快點兒,修改一點兒pom.xml就點一下,你就選這個
否則,你就選enable auto-import。
不過idea可能會有緩存,每次你得對maven項目clean一下在install一下。
三修改內容
3.1 在此構建完成後,文件目錄不全,需要我們添加目錄
main ->New->Directory->選擇java ->java右鍵->Mark Directory as ->Sources Root #這個寫類
main ->New->Directory->選擇resources->java右鍵->Mark Directory as ->Resources Root #這個寫配置文件
3.2 pom.xml文件內容如下
見文章最後代碼
四代碼解釋說明
如果用前端,還需要一個前端控制器
src->main-webapp->WEB-INF->web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern> <!--前端發任何的請求都會經過servlet-->
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
五服務配置啓動
src->main->resources->new->XML Configuration File ->Spring Config->springmvc(名字)
配置啓動服務器
Run->Edit Configurations->+符號->Tomcat Server->Local
->Name springmvc
Application server :tomcat 下載https://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi不用配置系統變量,直接導入就可
application server:Tomcat 8.5.24
After launch: Firefox
Tomcat Server Settings : HTTP port 8080 JMX port:1099
On 'Update'action: Redeploy
切換菜單Deployment
Deployment-> 點擊+ 號->Artifact->springmvc_day01_01_start:war
->Application context: 不選擇任何選項,即空
->OK
六代碼解析
6.1配置文件
環境搭建完成,就可以編寫程序代碼了。
因爲IDEA沒有給index.jsp配置頭信息,需要刪掉再創建
webapp->new->JSP/JSPX->JSP文件(index.jsp)
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <--!文件種有,中文就不會亂碼-->
src->main-Java->右鍵->Java class->cn.itcast.controller.HelloController
如果把一個類種的方法要執行,需要把它變成對象,需要開註解掃描
在 src->main->resources->springmvc.xml文件中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--開啓註解掃描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast"/>
<!-- 視圖解析器對象 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/> <!--會找這個目錄下的文件-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> <!--會找目錄下文件後綴名爲jsp的文件-->
</bean>
<!--開始spirngMVC框架註解的支持-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
加入了上述context:component-scan註解,就可以添加註解了,
爲什麼一請求,就會執行,需要加入註解@RequestMapping 其中request表示請求,Mapping表示映射
src->main->java->cn.itcast.controller->HelloController文件中
其中@RequestMapping等需要加載,依賴於springmvc.xml,springmvc種的註冊掃描需要打開,
<!--開啓註解掃描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast"/>
需要加入
在文件webapp->WEB-INF->web.xml中加入如下
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> #表示啓動服務器就可以創建DispatcherServlet
</servlet>
解析註解順序
順序1, 加載springmvc.xml文件, -> 2註解掃描 ->3 掃描類 ->註解生效
創建webapp->WEB-INF->pages包->JSP file->success
寫完之後,如何才能夠找到頁面,需要一個視圖的解析器
七 目錄結構和代碼如下
[root@kolla ~]# tree heima/
heima/
├── pom.xml
├── springmvc_day01_01_start
│ ├── pom.xml
│ ├── springmvc_day01_01_start.iml
│ └── src
│ └── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── cn
│ │ └── itcast
│ │ └── controller
│ │ └── HelloController.java
│ ├── resources
│ │ └── springmvc.xml
│ └── webapp
│ ├── index.jsp
│ └── WEB-INF
│ ├── pages
│ │ └── success.jsp
│ └── web.xml
└── zhangjinyu.iml
11 directories, 9 files
[root@kolla ~]#
[root@kolla ~]# cat heima/pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.itcast</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc_day01_01_start</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springmvc_day01_01_start Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springmvc_day01_01_start</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
[root@kolla ~]#
[root@kolla ~]# cat heima/springmvc_day01_01_start/src/main/java/cn/itcast/controller/HelloController.java
package cn.itcast.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
//控制器類
@Controller
public class HelloController {
//爲什麼一請求,就會執行,需要加入註解@RequestMapping 其中request表示請求,Mapping表示映射,裏面需要提供路徑path="hello"
@RequestMapping
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("hello StringMVC");
return "success";
//一點擊會跳轉到一個頁面,如何跳轉呢?
}
}
[root@kolla ~]# cat heima/springmvc_day01_01_start/src/main/resources/springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--開啓註解掃描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast"/>
<!-- 視圖解析器對象 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/> <!--會找這個目錄下的文件-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> <!--會找目錄下文件後綴名爲jsp的文件-->
</bean>
<!--開始spirngMVC框架註解的支持-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>[root@kolla ~]#
[root@kolla ~]# cat heima/springmvc_day01_01_start/src/main/webapp/index.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Administrator
Date: 2020/3/21
Time: 12:20
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<h3>入門程序</h3>
<a href="hello">入門程序</a> <!--相對的一個路徑,如果發請求會跳轉到hello這個方法-->
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
[root@kolla ~]# cat heima/springmvc_day01_01_start/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
[root@kolla ~]#
[root@kolla ~]# cat heima/springmvc_day01_01_start/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Administrator
Date: 2020/3/21
Time: 13:39
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入門成功</h3>
</body>
</html>
八運行
Run->Run 'spring mvc'如果缺少某些JAR 包
鼠標右鍵->Maven->Reimport