centos7.3+nginx+uwsgi+virtualenv（python3）+django項目上線部署

1.準備工作

1）安裝操作系統：Centos7.3

2）關閉防火牆

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

3）在開發環境上收集項目所有包

 

(mycmdbtest) C:\Users\surface>pip freeze > plist.txt


diff-match-patch==20121119
Django==2.0.1
django-crispy-forms==1.7.2
django-formtools==2.1
django-import-export==1.0.1
et-xmlfile==1.0.1
future==0.16.0
httplib2==0.11.3
jdcal==1.4
mysqlclient==1.3.13
odfpy==1.3.6
openpyxl==2.5.4
pytz==2018.5
PyYAML==3.13
six==1.11.0
tablib==0.12.1
unicodecsv==0.14.1
xlrd==1.1.0
xlwt==1.3.0

2.安裝nginx

1）編輯repo文件

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
                          

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

2）查看

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# yum list | grep nginx

3）安裝nginx並檢查版本

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# yum install nginx

[root@ITCMDB ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0
[root@ITCMDB ~]# 

3.安裝python3.6.5

1）準備工作

安裝python3.6可能使用相關軟件

 

[root@ITCMDB /]# yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'

[root@ITCMDB /]# yum install -y ncurses-libs zlib-devel mysql-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

下載python3.6.5,並存放在/usr/local目錄下

 

[root@ITCMDB /]# cd /usr/local

[root@ITCMDB local]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz

解壓下載的壓縮包

 

[root@ITCMDB local]# tar -xzvf Python-3.6.5.tgz -C /temp
[root@ITCMDB local]# cd /temp/Python-3.6.5/

2）安裝

--prefix選項是配置安裝的路徑,執行後所有資源文件放在/usr/local目錄

 

[root@ITCMDB Python-3.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
[root@ITCMDB Python-3.6.5]# make
[root@ITCMDB Python-3.6.5]# make altinstall

3)修改軟鏈接

 

[root@ITCMDB bin]# mv python python_old

修改之前一定要對以存在的/usr/bin/python更名，否則出現錯誤

 

[root@ITCMDB bin]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

[root@ITCMDB bin]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip

[root@ITCMDB python3]# 

4.安裝mysql數據庫

1）檢查系統是否存在

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

2）安裝MySQL源

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# yum localinstall http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

3）安裝MySQL

 

yum install mysql-community-server

已安裝:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7    mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7 
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7 

作爲依賴被安裝:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7     mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7    

替代:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7                                                               

完畢！
[root@ITCMDB ~]# 

4）啓動MySQL

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl start mysqld

5）獲取密碼

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-07-26T03:27:04.577803Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rGauXA8te:>p
[root@ITCMDB ~]# 

這裏密碼爲：rGauXA8te:>p

6）進入MySQL

 

root@ITCMDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.22

7）修改密碼

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'KZbd123469#';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

8）退出

 

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@ITCMDB ~]# 

9）重啓mysql

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

10)開放遠程連接

 

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "KZbd123460#";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

11)開放3306端口或關閉防火牆

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@ITCMDB ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@ITCMDB ~]# 

12）遠程連接測試

用navicat進行連接

5.安裝django2.0.1

 

[root@ITCMDB local]# pip install django==2.0.1

6.安裝uwsgi

 

[root@ITCMDB local]# pip install uwsgi
測試uwsgi
uwsgi --http :9000 --module kzbd_cmdb.wsgi

7.安裝virtualenvwrapper虛擬環境

 

[root@ITCMDB /]# yum install python-setuptools python-devel

[root@ITCMDB /]# pip install virtualenvwrapper

接下來編輯.bashrc文件，這是重點

 

[root@ITCMDB ~]# vi ~/.bashrc
添加下面兩行
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

保存後，重載./bashrc文件

 

[root@ITCMDB bin]# source ~/.bashrc
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/get_env_details
[root@ITCMDB bin]# 

8.創建虛擬環境

 

[root@ITCMDB bin]# mkvirtualenv kzitcmdb
Using base prefix '/usr/local'
New python executable in /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/python3.6
Also creating executable in /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/get_env_details
(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB bin]# 

創建完成後直接進入虛擬環境，也可以通過workon進入。

9.安裝pip包

將準備的plist.txt上傳到服務器
然後執行下面命令

 

[root@ITCMDB /]# workon kzitcmdb
(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB /]# pip install -r plist.txt

10.將項目文件上傳到服務器規劃的目錄

/home/wwwroot

同時，將數據庫上傳到服務器
本例中，用navicat進行數據庫的複製。
此時，可以通過python內置的服務器進行測試

 

(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB wwwroot]# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9999

啓動成功後，在瀏覽器進行測試。

11.配置nginx作爲反向代理服務器

在這個目錄下新建一個或複製default.conf爲itcmdb.conf

 

[root@ITCMDB conf.d]# pwd
/etc/nginx/conf.d

編輯itcmdb.conf

 

upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:8000; # uwsgi的端口
}
# configuration of the server

error_log  /home/wwwroot/nginxerror.log;#錯誤日誌
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen      80;
# 端口
server_name 192.168.150.20 ; # 服務器ip或者域名
charset     utf-8;

# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste


# Django media
location /media  {
    alias  /home/wwwroot/media;  # 指向django的media目錄
}

# Django static
location /static  {
    alias  /home/wwwroot/extra_apps/xadmin/static;  # 指向django的static目錄
}

# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
    uwsgi_pass  django;
    include     uwsgi_params; # uwsgi服務
}
}

12.拉取所有需要的static file到同一目錄

在django的setting文件中，添加下面一行內容：

 

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
    ]

並運行命令：

 

(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB wwwroot]# python manage.py collectstatic

完成後，重啓nginx

13.編輯uwsgi文件

這裏uwsgi文件放在項目目錄下
/home/wwwroot/conf/uwsgi
新建一個uwsgi.ini文件

 

ite_uwsgi.ini file`
    [uwsgi]

    # Django-related settings
    # the base directory (full path)
    chdir           = /home/wwwroot
    # Django's wsgi file
    module          = kzbd_cmdb.wsgi
    # the virtualenv (full path)

    # process-related settings
    # master
    master          = true
    # maximum number of worker processes
    processes       = 4
    threads         = 2
    # the socket (use the full path to be safe
    socket          = 127.0.0.1:8000
    # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
    # chmod-socket    = 664
    # clear environment on exit
    vacuum          = true
  virtualenv = /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb


    logto = /home/wwwroot/kzbd_cmdb/uwsgilog.log

14.啓動uwsgi

進入虛擬環境

 

(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB uwsgi]# pwd
/home/wwwroot/conf/uwsgi
(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB uwsgi]# uwsgi -i /home/wwwroot/conf/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini &

15.項目上線測試

在瀏覽器輸入

 

http://192.168.150.20

進行測試，效果如下：

 

QQ截圖20180727221040.jpg

16.遇到的問題

1）安裝virtualwrapper後新建虛擬環境出錯的問題；
2）Centos7.3自帶的python2.7.5升級到python3.6.5時軟連建立的問題；
3）xadmin後臺管理系統樣式丟失的問題；
這些坑在後續總結。

作者：haopython
鏈接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/66a8a018b663
來源：簡書
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