RabbitMQ入門（四）RabbitMQ交換器之Direct

前言

      本章講解RabbitMQ交換器的第一種類型——Direct交換器

方法

1.概念

交換器是RabbitMQ的核心組件，生產者生產的消息必須先通過交換器才能夠到達指定的隊列，Direct（發佈與訂閱，完全匹配），他也是RabbitMQ默認的交換器。如果路由鍵完全匹配的話，消息就投遞到相應的隊列。

接下來我們講解Direct交換器的代碼實現。

業務需求：我們需要對電商項目中的普通訂單和VIP訂單做不同的業務處理，此刻將使用Direct交換器

2.環境搭建

1）創建Provider和Consumer工程

2）修改pom文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	<groupId>cn.edu.ccut</groupId>
	<artifactId>srabbitmq-direct-provider</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	
	<properties>
		<!-- 設定Java的版本 -->
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<!-- 解決pom.xml首行報錯 -->
		<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-jar-plugin.version>
	</properties>
	
	<dependencies>
		<!-- 配置springBoot的web啓動器 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 配置rabbitmq的啓動器 -->
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 配置devtools  -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 配置springBoot的test啓動器 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	
	 <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>cn.edu.ccut.App</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    
</project>

3）修改application.properties

Consumer:

spring.application.name=springboot-rabbitmq
#rabbitmq config
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.1.108
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=jwang
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456

#exchange config
mq.config.exchange=order.direct

mq.config.queue.general=order.general
mq.config.queue.general.routing.key=order.general.routing.key

mq.config.queue.vip=order.vip
mq.config.queue.vip.routing.key=order.vip.routing.key

Provider:

spring.application.name=springboot-rabbitmq
#rabbitmq config
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.1.108
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=jwang
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456

#exchange config
mq.config.exchange=order.direct

mq.config.queue.general.routing.key=order.general.routing.key

mq.config.queue.vip.routing.key=order.vip.routing.key

3.Consumer代碼編寫

GeneralConsumer.java

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(bindings=
		@QueueBinding(
				value=@Queue(name="${mq.config.queue.general}",autoDelete="true"),
				exchange=@Exchange(name="${mq.config.exchange}",type=ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
				key="${mq.config.queue.general.routing.key}"
		)
)
public class GeneralConsumer {

	@RabbitHandler
	public void receiveMsg(String msg){
		System.out.println("General Message is "+msg);
	}
}

其中，該消費者綁定了指定的隊列-交換器-路由鍵

VipConsumer.java類似如下：

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(bindings=
		@QueueBinding(
				value=@Queue(name="${mq.config.queue.vip}",autoDelete="true"),
				exchange=@Exchange(name="${mq.config.exchange}",type=ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
				key="${mq.config.queue.vip.routing.key}"
		)
)
public class VipConsumer {

	@RabbitHandler
	public void receiveMsg(String msg){
		System.out.println("Vip Message is "+msg);
	}
}

4.Provider代碼編寫

首先編寫一下普通訂單的Provider：

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Provider {

	@Autowired
	private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
	@Value("${mq.config.exchange}")
	private String exchange;
	@Value("${mq.config.queue.general.routing.key}")
	private String routingKey;
	
	public void sendMsg(String msg){
		rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, msg);
	}
}

編寫測試類：

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes=App.class)
public class RabbitMQTest {
	
	@Autowired
	private Provider provider;
	
	@Test
	public void testSendMsg() throws Exception{
		while(true){
			Thread.sleep(1000);
			provider.sendMsg("hello rabbitmq !");
		}
	}
}

5.測試系統

1）首先啓動我們的Consumer端

2）運行我們Provider的測試代碼，然後觀察控制檯輸出

由此可見，我們成功實現了這個功能。

當然了，Vip的Provider編寫類似！