RabbitMQ入門（五）RabbitMQ交換器之Topic

前言

      本章講解RabbitMQ的交換器之Topic

方法

1.概念

topic（主題，規則匹配），該類型交換器主要根據路由鍵進行模糊匹配

需求：在我們的普通訂單和VIP訂單的業務邏輯中，會產生相關的日誌。我們知道，日誌是分級別的，這裏我們僅僅採集INFO、ERROR級別的日誌。如果按照Direct交換器的處理規則，我們需要創建四個隊列來處理，即普通訂單的INFO日誌、普通訂單的ERROR日誌、VIP訂單的INFO日誌、VIP訂單的ERROR日誌，這裏我們認爲沒有必要，完全可以分爲兩類，即INFO日誌和ERROR日誌的隊列分別的進行處理。由此，我們將使用模糊匹配的規則，即Topic交換器

2.環境搭建

1）創建Provider和Consumer工程

2）修改pom文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	<groupId>cn.edu.ccut</groupId>
	<artifactId>rabbitmq-topic-provider</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	
	<properties>
		<!-- 設定Java的版本 -->
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<!-- 解決pom.xml首行報錯 -->
		<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-jar-plugin.version>
	</properties>
	
	<dependencies>
		<!-- 配置springBoot的web啓動器 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 配置rabbitmq的啓動器 -->
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 配置devtools  -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 配置springBoot的test啓動器 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	
	 <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>cn.edu.ccut.App</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    
</project>

3）修改application.properties

Provider：

spring.application.name=springboot-rabbitmq
#rabbitmq config
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.1.108
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=jwang
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456

#exchange config
mq.config.exchange=log.topic

Consumer：

spring.application.name=springboot-rabbitmq
#rabbitmq config
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.1.108
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=jwang
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456

#exchange config
mq.config.exchange=log.topic

mq.config.queue.info=log.info

mq.config.queue.error=log.error

2.編寫Provider

創建兩個Provider類，GeneralProvider和VipProvider

GeneralProvider:

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class GeneralProvider {

	@Autowired
	private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
	@Value("${mq.config.exchange}")
	private String exchange;
	
	public void sendMsg(String msg){
		//發送普通訂單的日誌消息
		rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, "general.log.info", "general...info..."+msg);
		rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, "general.log.error", "general...error..."+msg);
	}
}

VipProvider:

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class VipProvider {

	@Autowired
	private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
	@Value("${mq.config.exchange}")
	private String exchange;
	
	public void sendMsg(String msg){
		//發送普通訂單的日誌消息
		rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, "vip.log.info", "vip...info..."+msg);
		rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, "vip.log.error", "vip...error..."+msg);
	}
}

3.編寫Consumer代碼

創建兩個Consumer類，ErrorConsumer和InfoConsumer來分別處理兩個級別的日誌

ErrorConsumer：

路由鍵採用的是模糊匹配的方式：*.log.error

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(bindings=
		@QueueBinding(
				value=@Queue(name="${mq.config.queue.error}",autoDelete="true"),
				exchange=@Exchange(name="${mq.config.exchange}",type=ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
				key="*.log.error"
		)
)
public class ErrorConsumer {

	@RabbitHandler
	public void receiveMsg(String msg){
		System.out.println("Vip Message is "+msg);
	}
}

InfoConsumer：

路由鍵採用的是模糊匹配的方式：*.log.info

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(bindings=
		@QueueBinding(
				value=@Queue(name="${mq.config.queue.info}",autoDelete="true"),
				exchange=@Exchange(name="${mq.config.exchange}",type=ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
				key="*.log.info"
		)
)
public class InfoConsumer {

	@RabbitHandler
	public void receiveMsg(String msg){
		System.out.println("Info Message is "+msg);
	}
}

4.編寫測試類進行測試

package cn.edu.ccut;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes=App.class)
public class RabbitMQTest {
	
	@Autowired
	private GeneralProvider generalProvider;
	
	@Autowired
	private VipProvider vipProvider;
	
	@Test
	public void testSendMsg() throws Exception{
		generalProvider.sendMsg("general message !");
		
		vipProvider.sendMsg("vip message !");
	}
}

啓動Consumer，然後運行Provider測試代碼，我們會在控制檯發現如下結果：

這說明，我們的測試完全的成功。