Docker系列(三)-------------安裝centos7鏡像

一、簡介

  • 本文主要介紹如何使用docker安裝centos鏡像。
  • 有了centos鏡像之後,就可以在該鏡像中安裝一些環境,軟件等等,方便複製。
  • 一般有倆種方式安裝,一種是直接拉取開源的鏡像,一種是使用dockerfile定製安裝。

二、拉取開源鏡像安裝

2.1 查詢開源centos鏡像

  • 使用docker search 命令來查詢開源鏡像;
[root@yuanshushu ~]# docker search centos
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
centos                             The official build of CentOS.                   5649                [OK]
ansible/centos7-ansible            Ansible on Centos7                              125                                     [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh                 OpenSSH / Supervisor / EPEL/IUS/SCL Repos - …   114                                     [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc             Centos container with "headless" VNC session…   100                                     [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7            MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   64
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56    centos6-lnmp-php56                              57                                      [OK]
tutum/centos                       Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access      44
centos/postgresql-96-centos7       PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational …   39
kinogmt/centos-ssh                 CentOS with SSH                                 29                                      [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev        CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names…   10
guyton/centos6                     From official centos6 container with full up…   9                                       [OK]
drecom/centos-ruby                 centos ruby                                     6                                       [OK]
centos/tools                       Docker image that has systems administration…   4                                       [OK]
darksheer/centos                   Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly             3                                       [OK]
mamohr/centos-java                 Oracle Java 8 Docker image based on Centos 7    3                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos                 Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do…   3
pivotaldata/centos-mingw           Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t…   2
miko2u/centos6                     CentOS6 日本語環境                                   2                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain   CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi…   2
indigo/centos-maven                Vanilla CentOS 7 with Oracle Java Developmen…   1                                       [OK]
blacklabelops/centos               CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily!     1                                       [OK]
mcnaughton/centos-base             centos base image                               1                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos7-dev            CentosOS 7 image for GPDB development           0
smartentry/centos                  centos with smartentry                          0                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos6.8-dev          CentosOS 6.8 image for GPDB development         0

2.2 下載官方開源鏡像

  • 下載的默認是最新的,我也不知道是不是centos7版本。。。。
[root@yuanshushu ~]# docker pull centos
  • 查看本地鏡像
[root@yuanshushu ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos              latest              0f3e07c0138f        5 weeks ago         220MB

 

2.3 創建容器並運行

  • 基於鏡像centos:latest鏡像創建一個名稱爲centos-01的容器,並進入;
  • -t: 在新容器內指定一個僞終端或終端;
  • -i: 允許你對容器內的標準輸入 (STDIN) 進行交互;
  • --name: 爲命名容器名稱;
  • centos爲源鏡像名稱; 
  • /bin/bash 爲 進入新的容器centos-01;  
  • 注意:進入之後,@後面的名稱就改爲了容器id;
[root@yuanshushu ~]# docker run -it --name centos-01 centos /bin/bash
[root@8e2b1edba516 /]#
  • 也可以使用-d命令來後臺啓動容器,然後使用attach進入
[root@yuanshushu ~]# docker run -itd --name centos-002 centos /bin/bash
aeb0617e6a98d9282ae4cb00ef2de38e0f172f832db5d3ac72fa7cfe680aef92
[root@yuanshushu ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
aeb0617e6a98        centos              "/bin/bash"         14 seconds ago      Up 13 seconds                           centos-002
[root@yuanshushu ~]# docker attach aeb0617e6a98
[root@aeb0617e6a98 /]#

 

  •  此時可以查看centos-01內部文件結構,如下:
[root@8e2b1edba516 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
  • 可以使用exit命令退出容器
  • 注意此時@已經回退到宿主機上了
[root@737b37aa53df /]# exit
exit
[root@yuanshushu ~]#
  • 查看所有的容器
[root@yuanshushu ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
ab7dc6a5f4ae        centos:latest       "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                          centos-001
8e2b1edba516        centos              "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Exited (127) 10 minutes ago                       centos-01

 

 

三、使用dockerfile安裝

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