单元测试利器 - Mock

 

为什么会有这篇blog呢，起因上周末看了一个朋友的代码。

结果随便打开他们的测试用例，看一下，这是嘛？

周末补了一下这块的空缺，学无止尽嘛：大致看了一下主体还是很简单的，

 

官网地址：https://site.mockito.org/

GitHub地址：https://github.com/hehonghui/mockito-doc-zh#0

文档地址：https://javadoc.io/static/org.mockito/mockito-core/3.3.3/org/mockito/Mockito.html

 

 

目录

springboot快速搭建一个web项目，用作编写测试用例代码

测试用例 - mockmvc

测试用例 - Mockito

---

springboot快速搭建一个web项目，用作编写测试用例代码

 

pom.xml（基于boot2.x，已经内置junit5跟mock了）

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

 

花几分钟写一个添加用户的功能，DB操作就直接写伪sql了，为啥？因为我懒...

 

controller

package com.mock.demo.controller;

import com.mock.demo.entry.User;
import com.mock.demo.service.SmsService;
import com.mock.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import static com.mock.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.userMap;

/**
 * @author 954L
 * @create 2020/3/24 20:44
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private SmsService smsService;

    @PostMapping("user")
    public Map<String, Object> addAndSendSms(@RequestBody User user,
                                             @RequestParam(value = "sendSmsType", defaultValue = "0")
                                                     Integer sendSmsType) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        String name = user.getName();
        // 发送注册短信
        boolean status = sendSmsType.equals(1) ? smsService.sendSms() : true;
        // 查重 & 添加
        if (status) status = userMap.get(name) != null ?
                false : userService.add(user);
        result.put("status", status);
        return result;
    }

    @DeleteMapping("user/{name}")
    public Map<String, Object> del(@PathVariable("name") String name){
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        // 先添加，再删除
        userService.add(User.builder().name(name).build());
        boolean status = userService.del(name) ;
        result.put("status", status);
        return result;
    }

}

 

service

package com.mock.demo.service;

import com.mock.demo.entry.User;

/**
 * @author 954L
 * @create 2020/3/24 20:47
 */
public interface UserService {

    boolean add(User user);

    boolean del(String name);

}

package com.mock.demo.service;

/**
 * @author 954L
 * @create 2020/3/24 20:39
 */
public interface SmsService {

    boolean sendSms();

}

 

impl

package com.mock.demo.service.impl;

import com.mock.demo.entry.User;
import com.mock.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * @author 954L
 * @create 2020/3/24 20:47
 */
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    public static Map<String, User> userMap = new ConcurrentHashMap();

    @Override
    public boolean add(User user) {
        // 添加用户
        userMap.put(user.getName(), user);
        return userMap.containsKey(user.getName());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean del(String name) {
        userMap.remove(name);
        return !userMap.containsKey(name);
    }

}

package com.mock.demo.service.impl;

import com.mock.demo.service.SmsService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @author 954L
 * @create 2020/3/24 20:39
 */
@Service
public class SmsServiceImpl implements SmsService {

    /**
     * 提供给mockito测试模拟对象，返回true
     * @return
     */
    public boolean sendSms(){
        // 无短信功能
        return false;
    }

}

 

entity（代码包名写错了，将就下）

package com.mock.demo.entry;

import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.experimental.Tolerate;

/**
 * @author 954L
 * @create 2020/3/24 20:46
 */
@Data
@Builder
public class User {

    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    @Tolerate
    public User(){}

}

 

测试用例 - mockmvc

mockmvc

模拟web程序发送一个请求

方法	说明
mockMvc.perform	执行一个请求
MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("XXX")	构造一个请求
ResultActions.param	添加请求传值
ResultActions.accept())	执行一个请求 如MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE
ResultActions.andExpect	添加执行完成后的断言。 等同于 Assert.assertEquals
ResultActions.andDo	添加一个结果处理器，表示要对结果做点什么事情，比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个响应结果信息
ResultActions.andReturn	表示执行完成后返回相应的结果。

controllerMockMvcTest

package com.mock.demo.controller;

import com.mock.demo.MockApplication;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;

/**
 * @author 954L
 * @create 2020/3/24 20:03
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = MockApplication.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class UserControllerMockMvcTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    void add() throws Exception {
        JSONObject paramJson = new JSONObject();
        paramJson.put("name", "Tony");
        paramJson.put("age", "18");
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
                .content(paramJson.toString())
                .accept(MediaType.ALL))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
    }

    @Test
    void del() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/user/Tony")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
                .accept(MediaType.ALL))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
    }

}

 

测试用例 - Mockito

mockito

模拟外部依赖，将模拟产生的外部依赖数据与测试代码一起执行

方法	说明
Mockito.mock(classToMock)	模拟对象
Mockito.verify(mock)	验证行为是否发生
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenReturn(value1).thenReturn(value2)	触发时第一次返回value1，第n次都返回value2
Mockito.doThrow(toBeThrown).when(mock).[method]	模拟抛出异常。
Mockito.mock(classToMock,defaultAnswer)	使用默认Answer模拟对象
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenReturn(value)	参数匹配
Mockito.doReturn(toBeReturned).when(mock).[method]	参数匹配（直接执行不判断）
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenAnswer(answer))	预期回调接口生成期望值
Mockito.doAnswer(answer).when(methodCall).[method]	预期回调接口生成期望值（直接执行不判断）
Mockito.spy(Object)	用spy监控真实对象,设置真实对象行为
Mockito.doNothing().when(mock).[method]	不做任何返回
Mockito.doCallRealMethod().when(mock).[method] //等价于Mockito.when(mock.[method]).thenCallRealMethod();	调用真实的方法
reset(mock)	重置mock

 

controllerMockItoTest

package com.mock.demo.controller;

import com.mock.demo.MockApplication;
import com.mock.demo.entry.User;
import com.mock.demo.service.SmsService;
import com.mock.demo.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static com.mock.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.userMap;

/**
 * @author 954L
 * @create 2020/3/24 20:03
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = MockApplication.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
class UserControllerMockItoTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    void add() {
        // 测试添加用户service层，因为依赖短信功能，故这里模拟短信service功能
        SmsService smsService = Mockito.mock(SmsService.class);
        // 当执行smsService.sendSms()，模拟返回true
        Mockito.when(smsService.sendSms()).thenReturn(true);

        User user = User.builder().name("testName").age(20).build();
        String name = user.getName();
        // 发送注册短信
        boolean status = smsService.sendSms();
        // 查重 & 添加
        if (status) status = userMap.get(name) != null ?
                false : userService.add(user);
        Assert.assertTrue(status);
    }

}

 

 

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