62-Ubuntu-NGINX-TCP負載均衡

本章銜接上期博客內容

Nginx在1.9.0版本開始支持tcp模式的負載均衡，在1.9.13版本開始支持udp協議的負載，udp主要用於DNS的域名解析，其配置方式和指令和http 代理類似，其基於ngx_stream_proxy_module模塊實現tcp負載，另外基於模塊ngx_stream_upstream_module實現後端服務器分組轉發、權重分配、狀態監測、調度算法等高級功能。

官方文檔

tcp負載均衡配置參數：

stream { #定義stream
    upstream backend { #定義後端服務器
          hash $remote_addr consistent; #定義調度算法

             server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5; #定義具體server
             server 127.0.0.1:12345 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
             server unix:/tmp/backend3;
     }
     upstream dns { #定義後端服務器
             server 192.168.0.1:53535; #定義具體server
             server dns.example.com:53;
     }

     server { #定義server
             listen 12345; #監聽IP:PORT
             proxy_connect_timeout 1s; #連接超時時間
             proxy_timeout 3s; #轉發超時時間
             proxy_pass backend; #轉發到具體服務器組
     }

     server {
             listen 127.0.0.1:53 udp reuseport;
             proxy_timeout 20s;
             proxy_pass dns;
     }

     server {
             listen [::1]:12345;
             proxy_pass unix:/tmp/stream.socket;
     }
}

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負載均衡實例–Redis：

#後端web服務
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# apt -y install redis
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# vim /etc/redis/redis.conf
#修改該行
bind 0.0.0.0

✘root@U8-2: ~✘# systemctl start redis
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# lsof -i:6379

COMMAND    PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
redis-ser 2739 redis    6u  IPv4  93193      0t0  TCP localhost:6379 (LISTEN)
redis-ser 2739 redis    7u  IPv6  93196      0t0  TCP localhost:6379 (LISTEN)

#NGINX代理服務器
[root@U8: ~]# mkdir /apps/nginx/conf/tcp
[root@U8: ~]# vim /apps/nginx/conf/tcp/tcp.conf

stream {
  upstream redis_server {
    server 192.168.124.32:6379 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
  }

  server {
    listen 192.168.124.30:6379;
    proxy_connect_timeout 3s; 
    proxy_timeout 3s; 
    proxy_pass redis_server;
  }                                                                                                                      
}

[root@U8: ~]# vim /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#添加此行
include /apps/nginx/conf/tcp/tcp.conf; #此處的include與http模塊平級

[root@U8: ~]# /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@U8: ~]# /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

[root@U8: ~]# ss -tnl | grep 6379
LISTEN 0 511 192.168.124.30:6379 0.0.0.0:*

#測試通過nginx 負載連接redis：
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# redis-cli -h 192.168.124.30
192.168.124.30:6379> set name dushansao
OK
192.168.124.30:6379> get name
“dushansao”
192.168.124.30:6379>

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負載均衡實例：MySQL

#後端web服務安裝mysql
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# apt -y install mariadb-server
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# systemctl start mariadb

#啓動安全初始腳本，設置mysql管理員密碼：123456
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# mysql_secure_installation

#登錄maraidb
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# mysql -uroot -p123456

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#NGINX代理服務器
[root@U8: ~]# vim /apps/nginx/conf/tcp/tcp.conf

stream {                                                                                                                 
  upstream redis_server {
    server 192.168.124.32:6379 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
  }
  
  upstream mysql_server {
    least_conn;
    server 192.168.124.32:3306 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
  }

  server {
    listen 192.168.124.30:3306;
    proxy_connect_timeout 6s; 
    proxy_timeout 15s;
    proxy_pass mysql_server;
  }

  server {
    listen 192.168.124.30:6379;
    proxy_connect_timeout 3s; 
    proxy_timeout 3s; 
    proxy_pass redis_server;
  }
}

[root@U8: ~]# /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@U8: ~]# /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

#後端web
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# vim /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
#找出此行將其註釋
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1

#在該行下設置超時時長
[mysqld]
wait_timeout=86400 #8小時

#重啓mariadb
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# systemctl restart mariadb

#測試通過nginx負載連接MySQL：
#後端web
✘root@U8-2: ~✘# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.124.30

MariaDB [(none)]> create database dushansao;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| dushansao          |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

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