利用Oracle種子恢復數據庫（1）
Oracle提供了一個種子數據庫的備份，存放在ORACLE_HOME目錄下。包含的文件如下：
[oracle@wgx templates]$ ll
total 285308
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5106 Aug 15 2009 Data_Warehouse.dbc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 22544384 Aug 15 2009 example01.dfb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 1179648 Aug 15 2009 example.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 4986 Aug 15 2009 General_Purpose.dbc
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 11492 Feb 25 2009 New_Database.dbt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 Aug 15 2009 Seed_Database.ctl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 258654208 Aug 15 2009 Seed_Database.dfb
說明：
（1）Seed_Database.ctl：數據庫的控制文件；
（2）Seed_Database.dfb：是全庫備份的備份文件；
（3）example.dmp：example表空間導出的元數據；
（4）example01.dfb：example表空間的備份文件。
可以利用控制文件和全庫備份文件恢復數據庫，然後利用傳輸表空間導入example表空間，具體步驟如下：
step 1：創建參數文件
利用其它數據庫的參數文件（pfile）進行修改得到。
（1）打開orcl數據庫，生成pfile文件
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string orcl
db_unique_name string orcl
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string orcl
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string orcl
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
（2）對pfile文件進行修改
利用vim initorcl.ora命令打開參數文件：
[oracle@wgx dbs]$ vim initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=759169024
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/usr/local/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=499122176
orcl.__sga_target=1073741824
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=285212672
orcl.__streams_pool_size=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/usr/local/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/usr/local/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/usr/local/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/usr/local/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/usr/local/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=499122176
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1073741824
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
對pfile文件進行修改：
（1）db_name：數據庫名稱，修改爲：seeddata；
（2）audit_file_dest：審計文件的路徑，修改爲：/usr/local/oracle/admin/seeddata/adump；
（3）control_files：控制文件，修改爲：’/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/control01.ctl’, ‘/usr/local/oracle/flash_recovery_area/seeddata/control02.ctl’。
結果如下：
orcl.__db_cache_size=759169024
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/usr/local/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=499122176
orcl.__sga_target=1073741824
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=285212672
orcl.__streams_pool_size=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/usr/local/oracle/admin/seeddata/adump' #####修改
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/control01.ctl','/usr/local/oracle/flash_recovery_area/seeddata/control02.ctl' ####修改
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='seeddata' ####修改
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/usr/local/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/usr/local/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=499122176
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1073741824
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
step 2：修改參數文件的名稱，創建相關的目錄
（1）把參數文件initorcl.ora修改爲initseeddata.ora
[oracle@wgx dbs]$ mv initorcl.ora initseeddata.ora
[oracle@wgx dbs]$ ls
hc_DBUA0.dat hc_orcl.dat init.ora initseeddata.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
（2）創建目錄
這類分區是在列值上使用散列算法，以確定將行放入哪個分區中。當列的值沒有合適的條件時，可以使用hash分區。創建hash分區的語法格式以下：
#### 創建存放審計文件的目錄
[oracle@wgx templates]$ mkdir -p /usr/local/oracle/admin/seeddata/adump
#### 創建存放控制文件、數據文件、日誌文件的目錄
[oracle@wgx templates]$ mkdir -p /usr/local/oradata/seeddata/
[oracle@wgx templates]$ mkdir /usr/local/oracle/flash_recovery_area/seeddata
step 3：修改環境變量ORACLE_SID
[oracle@wgx ~]$ vim .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=seeddata ##修改
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
alias lsnrctl='rlwrap lsnrctl'
[oracle@wgx ~]$ source .bash_profile ##使環境變量生效
step 4：啓動數據庫到nomount
此時啓動數據庫使用的pfile參數文件。
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2220200 bytes
Variable Size 281022296 bytes
Database Buffers 780140544 bytes
Redo Buffers 5554176 bytes
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string seeddata
db_unique_name string seeddata
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string seeddata
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string seeddata
step 5：生成spfile文件
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
step 5：重新啓動數據庫到nomount
此時啓動數據庫所使用的參數文件是spfile。
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2220200 bytes
Variable Size 281022296 bytes
Database Buffers 780140544 bytes
Redo Buffers 5554176 bytes
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string seeddata
db_unique_name string seeddata
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string seeddata
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string seeddata
step 6：還原控制文件
根據參數文件，需要生成兩個控制文件：/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/control01.ctl和 /usr/local/oracle/flash_recovery_area/seeddata/control02.ctl
[oracle@wgx templates]$ pwd
/usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates
[oracle@wgx templates]$ cp Seed_Database.ctl /usr/local/oradata/seeddata/control01.ctl
[oracle@wgx templates]$ cp Seed_Database.ctl /usr/local/oracle/flash_recovery_area/seeddata/control02.ctl
step 7：啓動數據庫到mount
查看文件信息：
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/system01.dbf
/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/sysaux01.dbf
/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/undotbs01.dbf
/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/users01.dbf
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/temp01.dbf
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/redo01.log
/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/redo02.log
/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/redo03.log
step 8：修改日誌文件的位置信息
SQL> alter database rename file '/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/redo01.log' to '/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/redo01.log';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file '/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/redo02.log' to '/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/redo02.log';
Database altered.
SQL> alter database rename file '/ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/redo03.log' to '/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/redo03.log';
Database altered.
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/redo01.log
/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/redo02.log
/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/redo03.log
step 9：在RMAN中註冊數據庫的備份信息
RMAN> catalog start with '/usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/Seed_Database.dfb';
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 11-APR-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 11-APR-20
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 11-APR-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 11-APR-20
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
searching for all files that match the pattern /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/Seed_Database.dfb
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/Seed_Database.dfb
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/Seed_Database.dfb
step 10：查看備份集信息
RMAN> list backup of database;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 246.66M DISK 00:00:53 15-AUG-09
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag:
Piece Name: /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/Seed_Database.dfb
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 945183 15-AUG-09 /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/system01.dbf
2 Full 945183 15-AUG-09 /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 945183 15-AUG-09 /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 945183 15-AUG-09 /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/users01.dbf
step 11：恢復數據庫
在RMAN中查看數據庫信息：
RMAN> report schema;
RMAN-06139: WARNING: control file is not current for REPORT SCHEMA
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name SEEDDATA
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 0 SYSTEM *** /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/system01.dbf
2 0 SYSAUX *** /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/sysaux01.dbf
3 0 UNDOTBS1 *** /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/undotbs01.dbf
4 0 USERS *** /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/users01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 0 TEMP 32767 /ade/b/2125410156/oracle/oradata/seeddata/temp01.dbf
編寫以下的RMAN語句塊並執行：
run {
set newname for datafile 1 to '/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/system01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 2 to '/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/sysaux01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 3 to '/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/undotbs01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 4 to '/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/users01.dbf';
set newname for tempfile 1 to '/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/temp01.dbf';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
switch tempfile all;
recover database;
11> }
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 12-APR-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /usr/local/oradata/seeddata/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /usr/local/oradata/seeddata/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /usr/local/oradata/seeddata/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /usr/local/oradata/seeddata/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/Seed_Database.dfb
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/usr/local/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/Seed_Database.dfb tag=NULL
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
Finished restore at 12-APR-20
renamed tempfile 1 to /usr/local/oradata/seeddata/temp01.dbf in control file
Starting recover at 12-APR-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /usr/local/oradata/seeddata/redo01.log
archived log file name=/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=1
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 12-APR-20
step 12：打開數據庫
以resetlogs方式打開數據庫：
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
step 13：查看錶空間、數據文件、臨時文件信息
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/system01.dbf
/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/sysaux01.dbf
/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/undotbs01.dbf
/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/users01.dbf
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/local/oradata/seeddata/temp01.dbf
SQL> select name from v$tablespace;
NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS