一步步打造Android RecyclerView万能适配器

转载请注明出处:
http://blog.csdn.net/u014702332/article/details/53785136
本文出版[扫地僧的博客]

基础部分

引入support包

要使用RecyclerView首先需要引入support包:compile ‘com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:25.1.0’

首先查看效果图,依次是线性线性垂直布局,水平布局,网络布局,瀑布流布局

线性布局
image
image
image

在布局文件中添加这个文件
然后把这个控件添加到布局文件中

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_my_recycler_view"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="king.com.recyler.RecyclerhorizontalActivity">

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
        </RelativeLayout>

代码中使用并声明这个控件

RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);

        线性布局
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);   //水平布局,可以左右滑动
        layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);     //垂直布局,可以上下滑动,类似于ListView

         //网络布局,
        GridLayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this,5);  //后面这个参数,表示网格有多少列,当前表示5列

        //瀑布流布局
        StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);  // 前一个参数表示有多少列,后一个参数表示瀑布流的方式;我这里表示有3列,瀑布流方向是垂直方向 


        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(FruitBean.getFruitBeans(),R.layout.fruit_item_horizontal);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);

构造数据

   public class FruitBean{

    public int id;
    public String name;
    public int resourceId;


    /**
     * 创建数据
     * @return
     */
    public static List<FruitBean> getFruitBeans(){


        List<FruitBean> fruitBeanList = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i = 0;i<100;i++){

            FruitBean bean = new FruitBean();
            bean.id = i;
            switch (i%10){
                case 0:
                    bean.name = "apple";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.apple_pic;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    bean.name = "banana";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.banana_pic;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    bean.name = "cherry";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.cherry_pic;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    bean.name = "grape";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.grape_pic;
                    break;
                case 4:
                    bean.name = "mango";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.mango_pic;
                    break;
                case 5:
                    bean.name = "orange";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.orange_pic;
                    break;
                case 6:
                    bean.name = "pear";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.pear_pic;
                    break;
                case 7:
                    bean.name = "pineapple";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.pineapple_pic;
                    break;
                case 8:
                    bean.name = "strawberry";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.strawberry_pic;
                    break;
                case 9:
                    bean.name = "watermelon";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.watermelon_pic;
                    break;
              default:
                  bean.name = "apple";
                  bean.resourceId = R.drawable.apple_pic;
                  break;
            }
            fruitBeanList.add(bean);

        }

        return fruitBeanList;
    }


    /**
     * 创建数据,流式布局需要使用的。
     * @return
     */
    public static List<FruitBean> getStaggeredFruitBeans(){


        List<FruitBean> fruitBeanList = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i = 0;i<100;i++){

            FruitBean bean = new FruitBean();
            bean.id = i;
            switch (i%10){
                case 0:
                    bean.name = "apple";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.apple_pic;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    bean.name = "banana";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.banana_pic;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    bean.name = "cherry";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.cherry_pic;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    bean.name = "grape";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.grape_pic;
                    break;
                case 4:
                    bean.name = "mango";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.mango_pic;
                    break;
                case 5:
                    bean.name = "orange";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.orange_pic;
                    break;
                case 6:
                    bean.name = "pear";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.pear_pic;
                    break;
                case 7:
                    bean.name = "pineapple";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.pineapple_pic;
                    break;
                case 8:
                    bean.name = "strawberry";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.strawberry_pic;
                    break;
                case 9:
                    bean.name = "watermelon";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.watermelon_pic;
                    break;
                default:
                    bean.name = "apple";
                    bean.resourceId = R.drawable.apple_pic;
                    break;
            }

            //这里处理了一下名字长度,区别流式布局
            Random random = new Random();
            int length = random.nextInt(10)+1;

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int j=0;j<length;j++){
                sb.append(bean.name);
            }
            bean.name = sb.toString();
            fruitBeanList.add(bean);

        }

        return fruitBeanList;
    }

创建数据适配器

  public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {
    @Override
    public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position) {

    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return 0;
    }
}

上面这些代码其实很好理解,创建一个FruitAdapter 继承自RecyclerView.Adapter,这个时候会提示我们需要实现三个方法:

  1. onCreateViewVolder看名字知道要创建一个ViewHolder,然后并返回
  2. onBindViewHolder 给ViewHolder 绑定数据
  3. getItemCount不需要做任何解释。

接下来我们需要显示ViewHolder中的控件

    /**
     * ViewHolder用于存储列表项中显示的控件,
     */
    static class FruitViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        ImageView ivImg;
        TextView tvNo,tvName;

        /**
         * itemView 就是控件外层布局,
         * @param itemView
         */
        public FruitViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            ivImg = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.iv_img);
            tvNo = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_no);
            tvName = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
        }
    }

创建了一个FruitViewHolder 继承自 RecyclerView.ViewHolder 然后这里会提示需要实现一个构造方法。而构造方法中的View 正是我们要显示控件的根布局,
这里我们就可以通过根布局来创建相应的控件。

我们之前创建的FruiAdapter 中都是用RecyclerView.ViewHolder 这是所有ViewHolder的基类,如果我们需要绑定FruiBean的数据类型,就必须给FruitAdapter中ViewHolder 指定ViewHolder类型,所以我们的代码更改后变成如下:

 package king.com.recyler;

import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by liuking on 16/12/20.
 * 创建Adapter
 */

public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.FruitViewHolder> {

    private List<FruitBean> fruitBeanList;
    private int mLayoutId;

    public FruitAdapter(List<FruitBean> list,int layoutId){
        this.fruitBeanList = list;
        this.mLayoutId = layoutId;
    }

    /**
     * 构建一个ViewHolder布局
     * @param parent
     * @param viewType
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public FruitAdapter.FruitViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(mLayoutId,parent,false);
        FruitViewHolder holder = new FruitViewHolder(view);   //创建一个View对象
        return holder;
    }


    /**
     * 绑定数据
     * @param holder
     * @param position
     */
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(FruitViewHolder holder, int position) {
        final FruitBean bean = fruitBeanList.get(position);
        holder.ivImg.setImageResource(bean.resourceId);
        holder.tvName.setText(bean.name);
        holder.tvNo.setText("编号:"+bean.id);
    }


    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return fruitBeanList.size();
    }


    /**
     * ViewHolder用于存储列表项中显示的控件,
     */
    static class FruitViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        ImageView ivImg;
        TextView tvNo,tvName;

        /**
         * itemView 就是控件外层布局,
         * @param itemView
         */
        public FruitViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            ivImg = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.iv_img);
            tvNo = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_no);
            tvName = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
        }
    }
}

设置点击事件

至此基础工作已经全部完成了,但我们会发现有些问题。所有的item 都不能点击,这是为什么呢,像ListView每个item都可以点击,为什么RecyclerView就不能点击? 其实Listview 的设计并不是很完美,如果我想点击ListView中的某个item中的button呢,虽然可以 实现,但相对来说是比较麻烦的,而RecyclerView就直接放弃了这样做法,让开发者自己去设定控件每一个点击事件,轻松实现点击:

     /**
     * 构建一个ViewHolder布局
     * @param parent
     * @param viewType
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public FruitAdapter.FruitViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(final ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(mLayoutId,parent,false);
        final FruitViewHolder holder = new FruitViewHolder(view);   //创建一个View对象

        holder.mItemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
                FruitBean fb = fruitBeanList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(parent.getContext(), "click item"+position, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

        holder.ivImg.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
                FruitBean fb = fruitBeanList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(parent.getContext(), "click item"+fb.name, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            }
        });
        return holder;
    }


        /**
     * ViewHolder用于存储列表项中显示的控件,
     */
    static class FruitViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        View mItemView;
        ImageView ivImg;
        TextView tvNo,tvName;

        /**
         * itemView 就是控件外层布局,
         * @param itemView
         */
        public FruitViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            mItemView = itemView;
            ivImg = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.iv_img);
            tvNo = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_no);
            tvName = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
        }
    }

我们发现这个Adapter里面其实有很多冗余代码,如果我以后还要写其它的adapter就会产生一堆冗余代码,因此我们需要封装一层,以前我自己封装过ListView中的Adapter,RecyclerView.Adapter也差不多,

打造常用RecyclerAdapter与RecyclerView.ViewHoder基类

1. recyclerView.ViewHoder类构建

首先我们需要创建一个继承于RecyclerView.ViewHolder的类


public class RVViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

    private Context mContext;

    public RVViewHolder(Context context, View itemView) {
        super(itemView);
        this.mContext = context;
    }

    /**
     * 通过viewId获取控件
     *
     * @param viewId
     * @return
     */
    public <T extends View> T getView(int viewId) {
        View view = itemView.findViewById(viewId);
        return (T) view;
    }

    public RVViewHolder setImageRes(int viewId, int imgRes) {
        ImageView view = getView(viewId);
        view.setImageResource(imgRes);
        return this;
    }

    public RVViewHolder setImageUrl(int viewId, String imageUrl) {
        ImageView view = getView(viewId);
        return this;
    }

    public RVViewHolder setText(int viewId, String text) {
        TextView tv = getView(viewId);
        tv.setText(text);
        return this;
    }

    public RVViewHolder setTextColor(int viewId, int textColor) {
        TextView view = getView(viewId);
        view.setTextColor(textColor);
        return this;
    }

    public RVViewHolder setTextSize(int viewId, float size) {
        TextView view = getView(viewId);
        view.setTextSize(size);
        return this;
    }

    public RVViewHolder setTextColorRes(int viewId, int textColorRes) {
        TextView view = getView(viewId);
        view.setTextColor(mContext.getResources().getColor(textColorRes));
        return this;
    }

    public RVViewHolder setVisible(int viewId, boolean visible) {
        View view = getView(viewId);
        view.setVisibility(visible ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
        return this;
    }

    public RVViewHolder setVisiblePlaceHolder(int viewId, boolean visible) {
        View view = getView(viewId);
        view.setVisibility(visible ? View.VISIBLE : View.INVISIBLE);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * 功能描述:设置各个子控件的点击事件
     * 作者: [email protected]
     * 时间:2016/12/21 13:28
     * 参数:
     */
    public RVViewHolder setOnClickListener(int viewId, Object o, View.OnClickListener listener) {
        View view = getView(viewId);
        view.setTag(o);
        view.setOnClickListener(listener);
        return this;
    }
}

上面代码说明:

  1. 创建RecyclerView.ViewHolder子类
  2. 获取每一个子类控件
  3. 常用的文字与图片设置方法
  4. 子控件的点击事件,我这里传了3个参数,控件的Id,对象,监听,一般用到点击事件的时候,都需要绑定数据

2. recyclerViewAdapter 基类构造

先上代码

package king.com.recyler;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @work: 构建RecyclerView.Adapter基类
 * @author: hg_liuzl(hg_liuzl@qq.com)
 * @date: created at 2016/12/21 11:14
 */

public abstract class BaseRVAdapter<T> extends RecyclerView.Adapter<RVViewHolder> {
    protected List<T> mList;      //数据集合
    protected int resLayout;      //布局资源
    protected Context mContext;
    protected IRecyclerViewListener recyclerViewListener;

    public BaseRVAdapter(Context context, List<T> mList, int resLayout) {
        this.mContext = context;
        this.mList = mList;
        this.resLayout = resLayout;
    }


    @Override
    public RVViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resLayout, parent, false);
        final RVViewHolder viewHolder = new RVViewHolder(mContext, view);
        return viewHolder;
    }



    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(final RVViewHolder viewHolder, int position) {
        bindAction(viewHolder, mList.get(viewHolder.getLayoutPosition()));

        /**绑定事件 一定要在这里绑定**/

        if (null != recyclerViewListener) {
            viewHolder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View view) {

                    recyclerViewListener.onItemClick(viewHolder.itemView, viewHolder.getLayoutPosition());
                }
            });

            viewHolder.itemView.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
                @Override
                public boolean onLongClick(View view) {
                    recyclerViewListener.onItemLongClick(viewHolder.itemView, viewHolder.getLayoutPosition());
                    return false;
                }
            });
        }

        bindData(viewHolder, mList.get(position));
    }

    /**
     * 绑定数据
     **/
    public abstract void bindData(RVViewHolder viewHolder, T bean);

      /**
     * 绑定动作
     **/
    public abstract void bindAction(RVViewHolder viewHolder, T bean);

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        if (null != mList) {
            return mList.size();
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * 设置点击事件
     *
     * @param mIRecyclerViewListener
     */
    public void setIRecyclerViewListener(IRecyclerViewListener mIRecyclerViewListener) {
        this.recyclerViewListener = mIRecyclerViewListener;
    }

    public interface IRecyclerViewListener {

        void onItemClick(View view, int position);

        void onItemLongClick(View view, int position);
    }
}

代码解读:
1. 首先创建RecyclerAdapter的子类的抽象类,把一些需要实现的方法给子类去实现
2. 添加构造方法,其中构造函数包括Context,list,布局资源 这样我们可以根据自己的需要传入相应数据类型,以及布局
3. 在onBindViewHolder中添加数据以及绑定事件,另外事件的回调函数一定要判断不为空才可以调用回调方法

给Item 添加回调,使item可以点击以及长按

3. recycler的getAdapterPostion与getLayoutPosition()坑点说明

  1. 根据官方说明getAdapterPosition是在变化的时候就能获取到position,而getLayoutPosition是在布局完成后可以获取到position,一般我们需要获取某个position的时候,肯定是在布局完成后获取,所以建议使用getLayoutPosition来获取position
  2. 另外也不要在onCreateView中获取某个实体类,很容易造成数组越界,因为这个时候getAdapterPosition为-1 在创建之前布局还没有完成,

在子类中继承万能RecyclerViewAdapter


package king.com.recyler;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 
 * @work: ${功能介绍}
 * @author: hg_liuzl([email protected])
 * @date: created at 2016/12/21 12:48
 */

public class FruitAdapter2 extends BaseRVAdapter implements View.OnClickListener {

    public FruitAdapter2(Context context, List mList, int resLayout) {
        super(context, mList, resLayout);
    }

    @Override
    public void bindAction(RVViewHolder viewHolder, Object o) {
        viewHolder.setOnClickListener(R.id.tv_name, o, this);
    }

    @Override
    public void bindData(RVViewHolder viewHolder, Object o) {
        final FruitBean bean = (FruitBean) o;
        viewHolder.setText(R.id.tv_name, bean.name);
        viewHolder.setText(R.id.tv_no, "编号:" + bean.id);
        viewHolder.setImageRes(R.id.iv_img, bean.resourceId);
    }


    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        final FruitBean bean = (FruitBean) view.getTag();
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.tv_name:
                Toast.makeText(mContext, "你点击了Item中的" + bean.id + "----name是" + bean.name, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
        }
    }
}

代码解读:

  1. 首先基础FruitAdapter继承于BaseRVAdapter,并实现其2个抽象方法
  2. 在bindAction方法中绑定子控件的点击事件,在bindData方法中绑定数据
  3. 另外实现OnClick接口,来完成点击事件

最后使用我们创建的万能基类实际调用:

/**
 * 垂直布局
 */
public class RecyclerVerticalActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_my_recycler_view);
        RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        FruitAdapter2 adapter = new FruitAdapter2(this, FruitBean.getFruitBeans(), R.layout.fruit_item_vertical);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        adapter.setIRecyclerViewListener(recyclerViewListener);

    }

    private BaseRVAdapter.IRecyclerViewListener recyclerViewListener = new BaseRVAdapter.IRecyclerViewListener() {
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(View view, int position) {
            Toast.makeText(RecyclerVerticalActivity.this, position + " click",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onItemLongClick(View view, int position) {
            Toast.makeText(RecyclerVerticalActivity.this, position + " longClick",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    };
}

  1. 可以看到适配器用的是FruitAdapter2
  2. 给Adaapter绑定回调方法,使item可以点击

最后再看看效果

代码地址

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