mysql的複製過程：每執行一個寫操作，它都會往自己的數據庫中存一份，與此同時這個寫操作也會存儲在二進制日誌文件中一份，並且把它們保存爲事件，所以在這個數據庫上，前端數據每執行一個寫操作或者有可能引起修改的操作，都會保存一個事件，我們就把這個事件通過mysql服務器3306端口發送給另外一臺服務器，另外一臺服務器把這個事件接收下來，接受下來以後先保存在本地的日誌文件中，而後從這個日誌文件中一次讀一個事件並且在本地執行一下，然後保存在數據庫裏面，這個過程就叫mysql的複製。
安裝mysql的過程就不講了，直接開始我們的主從複製的配置過程：
1、 開啓master和slave的二進制日誌功能，也就是在mysql的主配置文件/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf中，添加log_bin=mysql-bin，將master的server_id 設置爲1，slave的server_id=2.
下面是master的配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf | grep -v ^#| grep -v ^$
[mysqld]
server_id = 1
log_bin=mysql-bin
log-bin-index = mysql-bin.index
log-error = /var/log/mysql/mysql-error.log
general_log = 1
general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /datadir
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql5.sock
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
接下來是slave的配置文件
[root@wordpress ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf | grep -
v ^# | grep -v ^$
[mysqld]
server_id = 2
log_bin=mysql-bin
log-bin-index = mysql-bin.index
general_log = 1
general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.error
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /database
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysql.sock
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
2、在主服務器上,設置一個從數據庫的賬戶,使用REPLICATION
SLAVE賦予權限
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'tt'@'192.168.254.153' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> show master status \G; 查看當前master的二進制日誌狀態和起始點
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000011
Position: 330
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush tables with read lock; 將mysql的數據庫鎖表，僅僅允許讀，以保證數據的一致性
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 blog > blog.sql 將blog這個庫以腳本的形式導出來，便於導入slave
mysql> unlock tables; 解鎖
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3、 slave上的操作
[root@wordpress ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 < blog.sql
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.2
54.46',master_user='master',master_password='m
aster',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000011',master_log_pos=330;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.13 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.254.46
Master_User: master
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 330
Relay_Log_File: wordpress-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 330
Relay_Log_Space: 120
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /database/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
4、測試
在master上新建表，
mysql> use blog;
Database changed
mysql> create table hi_tb(id int(3),name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_blog |
+----------------+
| hi_tb |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在slave查看
mysql> use blog;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql slave沒有發現新建的表，說明主從複製中間出了問題，所以需要查看mysql錯誤日誌
tail -f /var/log/mysql/mysql.error
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [Warning] Storing MySQL user name or password information in the master.info repository is not secure and is therefore not recommended.
Please see the MySQL Manual for more about this issue and possible alternatives.
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master '[email protected]:3306',replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000011' at position 330
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [Warning] Slave SQL: If a crash happens this configuration does not guarantee that the relay log info will be consistent, Error_code: 0
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [Note] Slave SQL thread initialized, starting replication in log 'mysql-bin.000011' at position 330, relay log './wordpress-relay-bin.000001' position: 4
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [ERROR] Slave I/O: Master command COM_REGISTER_SLAVE failed: Access denied for user 'master'@'192.168.254.153' (using password: YES) (Errno: 1045), Error_code: 1597
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [ERROR] Slave I/O thread couldn't register on master
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [Warning] Slave I/O: Master command COM_REGISTER_SLAVE failed: failed registering on master, reconnecting to try again, log 'mysql-bin.000011' at position 330, Error_code: 1597
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [Warning] Storing MySQL user name or password information in the master.info repository is not secure and is therefore not recommended. Please see the MySQL Manual for more about this issue and possible alternatives.
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [ERROR] Slave I/O: Master command COM_REGISTER_SLAVE failed: Access denied for user 'master'@'192.168.254.153' (using password: YES) (Errno: 1045), Error_code: 1597
2013-09-22 15:39:21 2150 [ERROR] Slave I/O thread couldn't register on master
錯誤原因，沒有在master上給master用戶授權！！
mysql> select * from hi_tb; （master）
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | bobu |
| 2 | dsfa |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from hi_tb; （slave）
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | bobu |
| 2 | dsfa |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
實現了同步。
最後，再次對比一下主從的二進制日誌
