windows_server_R2下mysql5.7主从复制（主备复制）

环境介绍
Master环境介绍
1）操作系统：windows_server_R2
2）Mysql版本：5.7.23
3）IP：10.0.1.53

Slave环境介绍：
1）操作系统：windows_server_R2
2）Mysql版本：5.7.23
3）IP：10.0.0.54
设置jdk环境变量和mysql环境变量
jdk环境变量配置共包括三项：JAVA_HOME、CLASSPATH 、PATH、MYSQL_HOME。配置过程如下：
右键点击“我的电脑”（有的系统叫“计算机”、“此电脑”等等），属性 —> 高级系统设置 —> 环境变量，在“系统变量”栏下进行以下操作


1.新建

变量名：JAVA_HOME

变量值：jdk安装路径，如：C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_181

2.新建

变量名：CLASSPATH

变量值：.;%JAVA_HOME%\lib;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar

3.编辑

变量名：Path

变量值：在原有的值后面加上：;%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\jre\bin;%MYSQL_HOME%\bin
4.新建

变量名：MYSQL_HOME

变量值：mysql安装路径，如：C:\mysql-5.7.23-winx64\

Mysql解压版安装
找到mysql安装目录，创建my.ini，并且将my.ini移至bin目录下(my.ini文件内容如下)。

[Client]
port = 3306
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir=C:\mysql-5.7.23-winx64
datadir=C:\mysql-5.7.23-winx64\data
max_connections=200
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
 
[mysql]
 
default-character-set=utf8 

启动命令行，将目录切换到mysql安装目录的bin目录下。在命令行执行命令：mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --console，结果如下图所示

记住这个 临时密码

接下来在控制台以命令行输入： mysqld --install，进行安装服务操作。

安装成功后，使用net start mysql或去服务中找到MYSQL的服务，进行启动。
如果发生错误：

输入命令行mysql -uroot -p，利用之前的临时密码输入即可登录数据库

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
update mysql.user set Host='%' where HOST='localhost' and User='root';
flush privileges;

前提条件是主从端mysql的数据是一模一样的起始数据库内容（表、字段、内部值都必须一样！）
Master配置
1）my.ini配置

[Client]
port = 3306
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir=C:\mysql-5.7.23-winx64\
datadir=C:\mysql-5.7.23-winx64\data
max_connections=200
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

## replication
server_id=53
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
log-bin=master-mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size=1M
binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days=30
 
[mysql]
 
default-character-set=utf8 

重启mysql

net stop mysql
net start mysql

在主服务器上建立帐户并授权slave

mysql -u root -p
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'mysqlsync'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
##把数据表先锁住，不让Position 变化！

mysql> show master status;
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File                    | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-mysql-bin.000001 |      434 |              | mysql            |                   |
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Slave配置
1）my.ini配置

[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir=C:\mysql-5.7.23-winx64
datadir=C:\mysql-5.7.23-winx64\data
max_connections=200
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

server_id=53     
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
log-bin=mysql-slave-bin
binlog_cache_size = 1M
binlog_format=mixed      ##mixed是开启混合同步模式
expire_logs_days=30
relay_log=mysql-relay-bin
log_slave_updates=1
read_only=1

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

2）重启mysql

net stop mysql
net start mysql

配置从服务器Slave：

mysql -uroot -p

change master to 
master_host='10.0.1.53',
master_user='mysqlsync',
master_password='123456',
master_port=3306,
master_log_file='master-mysql-bin.000001',
master_log_pos=434,
master_connect_retry=30;

//注意不要断开，“434”无单引号,master_host的地址一定不能写错！

mysql> start slave;    #启动从服务器复制功能
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

回到Master端，解锁数据表

mysql> unlock tables;

回到从服务器检查从服务器复制功能状态：

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 10.0.1.53
                  Master_User: mysqlsync
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 30
              Master_Log_File: master-mysql-bin.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 434
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 327
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-mysql-bin.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 434
              Relay_Log_Space: 534
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 51
                  Master_UUID: aaadc62e-eccc-11e9-b77a-000c29374cbe
             Master_Info_File: C:\mysql-5.7.23-winx64\data\master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more up
dates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                 Channel_Name:
           Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

特别注意：Slave_IO及Slave_SQL进程必须正常运行，即YES状态，否则都是错误的状态。
如果出现

Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

但是mysql主从依然不能同步数据时

#停止slave服务
mysql> stop slave;
#跳过一步错误，后面的数字可变，如果还不行可执行多次
mysql> set global sql_slave_skip_counter =1;
#开始slave服务
mysql> start slave;
#查看slave状态
mysql> show slave status\G