Git是一款開源的分佈式版本控制系統，而GItHub是依託Git的代碼託管平臺
準備工作
一、註冊賬號
進入GitHub官網首頁，GitHub官網網址：https://github.com/，其中需要設置
賬號：liuzy1
密碼：************
郵箱：*************@163.com
二、設置SSH Key
由於本地GIt倉庫與GitHub網站倉庫之間的傳輸通過SSH加密的，這時需要設置SSH Keys。
1.創建SSH Key
首先在用戶主目錄下查看手否有.ssh目錄，
cd ~/.ssh
ls
查看是否存在id_rsa，id_rsa.pub兩個文件。
如果沒有，則運行
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "*********@163.com"
運行此命令後，一直回車，會生成/home/grq/…ssh文件夾，裏面有id_rsa，id_rsa.pub。它們是SSH Key的祕鑰對。其中id_rsa是私鑰，不能泄露，id_rsa.pub是公鑰，可以告訴其他人
整個過程如下：
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-ideapad-Y700-17ISK:~$ cd ~/.ssh
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-ideapad-Y700-17ISK:~/.ssh$ ls
known_hosts
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-ideapad-Y700-17ISK:~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "*********@163.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/lzy/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/lzy/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/lzy/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:5d9cB2PudrUbExxqTxpA0l0KglM0iUL/I4Um2Gx9NtI changan_03053399@163.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .. =*oo. .. |
| +.o+o.=.... |
| . =.*.E.. .+. |
| . o *o. .ooo.|
| .So. +.++|
| . ...+=.=|
| ..==.|
| . .+|
| . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-ideapad-Y700-17ISK:~/.ssh$ ssh -v git@github.com
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.7, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to github.com [52.74.223.119] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/lzy/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/lzy/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/lzy/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/lzy/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/lzy/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/lzy/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/lzy/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/lzy/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.7
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version babeld-9d924d26
debug1: no match: babeld-9d924d26
debug1: Authenticating to github.com:22 as 'git'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: rsa-sha2-512
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ssh-rsa SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8
debug1: Host 'github.com' is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/lzy/.ssh/known_hosts:1
Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '52.74.223.119' to the list of known hosts.
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<ssh-ed25519,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-dss>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/lzy/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /home/lzy/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /home/lzy/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /home/lzy/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-ideapad-Y700-17ISK:~/.ssh$ ssh-agen -s
No command 'ssh-agen' found, did you mean:
Command 'ssh-agent' from package 'openssh-client' (main)
ssh-agen: command not found
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-ideapad-Y700-17ISK:~/.ssh$ ssh-agent -s
SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/ssh-zG7300szo7zJ/agent.5421; export SSH_AUTH_SOCK;
SSH_AGENT_PID=5422; export SSH_AGENT_PID;
echo Agent pid 5422;
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-ideapad-Y700-17ISK:~/.ssh$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Identity added: /home/lzy/.ssh/id_rsa (/home/lzy/.ssh/id_rsa)
2.在Github端設置，SSH Key
登錄GitHub，點擊右上角頭像，Settings -> Personal settings -> SSH and GPG keys。在SSH Keys標籤右方點擊New SSH Key。
彈出兩個文本框。其中的Title，可以隨意命名。筆者此處隨便命名爲grq-Ubuntu。
另一個Key文本框，需要輸入剛剛生成的id_rsa.pub文件中的內容。粘貼後點擊Add SSH Key，即可生成SSH Key。
三、上傳項目
1.準備工作
ubuntu安裝Git：sudo apt-get install git
查看Git版本信息：git version
配置Git 用戶信息
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-IdeaPad-S500:~$ git config --global user.name"liuzy1"
lzy@lzy-Lenovo-IdeaPad-S500:~$ git config --global user.email"*********@163.com"
進入到我們需要上傳項目所在文件夾，打開終端，使用git的初始化命令
git init
這個命令可以把當前目錄變成git可以管理的倉庫。
現在我們就可以進行git操作將項目上傳到GitHub了。
2.添加需要上傳的文件
上傳之前，我們需要添加上傳的文件。這裏使用到的指令是：
git add file
其中，file是我們想要添加的文件。這裏筆者想要將整個文件夾內容都添加進去，所以此處筆者輸入的指令如下：
git add ./
3.檢查當前git 狀態
我們可以使用git指令，查看當前git的狀態。指令如下：
git status
該指令可以查看當前的分支以及添加文件的情況。
4.commit 推送
將緩存區的修改提交到本地倉庫。指令如下：
git commit -m "Update Readme Files(Version of Chinese & English)"
-m後的內容是筆者添加的描述。由於筆者這次是更新該倉庫，更新內容是中文與英文的Readme文件
若出現錯誤：
** Please tell me who you are.
Run
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
to set your account's default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.
fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got 'XXX@YYY.(none)')
這時候的解決辦法是，在進行git add ./操作的路徑中，實際上已經生成了一個隱藏的.git文件夾。在該路徑下輸入指令cd ./.git便進入.git文件夾，使用gedit或vim打開文件config，在文件末尾加入內容：
[user]
email=*********@163.com
name=liuzy1
填的GitHub賬號中的Email和用戶名。填好後如圖所示：
這時候再進行commit指令，應該就可以成功了。完成後就可以等待提交了。
5.添加文件到遠程庫
構建倉庫，得到該倉庫的SSH Key 向其上傳內容。進入新建的倉庫，點擊Clone or download，在彈出的Clone with SSH框中點擊小按鈕Copy to clipboard。如下圖所示：
1.添加 一個遠程倉庫，命名爲origin，這樣隨後纔可以添加文件到遠程庫中。指令如下：
git remote add origin git@github.com:liuzy1/god.git
如果此時出現錯誤：fatal: remote origin already exists. 這時候說明遠程倉庫已經存在。這時候需要先刪除origin倉庫，然後再重新添加該遠程倉庫。指令如下：
git remote rm origin
git remote add origin git@github.com:liuzy1/god.git
2.添加文件到遠程庫
git remote set-url origin git@github.com:liuzy1/god.git
3.push指令進行上傳。
if 如果該倉庫是第一次進行push，則指令如下：
git push origin master
當執行到push時，就會報錯，報錯代碼如下：
$ git push origin master
To git@github.com:liuzy1/sensor_fusion.git
! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:liuzy1/sensor_fusion.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
解決方法：
出現這個問題是因爲github中的README.md文件不在本地代碼目錄中，可以通過如下命令進行代碼合併
git pull --rebase origin master
然後再
git push origin master
else 之前傳輸過，此處爲更新
git push
case2 :
有時候運行了git push origin master遇到這樣的錯誤：
To git@github.com:liuzy1/shenlancollege_laser_slam.git
! [rejected] master -> master (non-fast-forward)
error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:liuzy1/shenlancollege_laser_slam.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind
hint: its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.
hint: 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
解決方法：
push前先將遠程repository修改pull下來
$ git pull origin master
$ git push -u origin master
最後在repository後面添加readme.md也是可以的。
push結束後，在GitHub端的對應倉庫上刷新一下，內容就改變了。說明項目內容已經上傳成功了～