SpringCloud第七節內容精簡(上),Hystrix斷路器和服務降級

 Hystrix是一個用於處理分佈式系統的延遲和容錯的開源庫,在分佈式系統裏,許多依賴不可避免的會調用失敗,如超時,異常燈,Hystrix能夠保證 在一個以來出問題的情況下,不會導致整體服務失敗,避免級聯故障 ,以提高分佈式系統的彈性。

通過斷路器的故障監控,向調用方返回一個符合預期的,可處理的備選響應,而不是 長時間的等待或者拋出調用方無法處理的異常,這樣就保證了服務調用方的現成不會被長時間,不必要的佔用,避免故障在分佈式系統中的蔓延,乃至雪崩。

 

分爲服務降級,服務熔斷,服務限流

以下是服務降級

創建項目

8001的hystrix項目,注意這裏是feign配合hystrix學習 

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--hystrix-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定義的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

service層

@Service
public class PaymentService {
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id){
        return "線程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_ok,id:"+id;
    }

    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "線程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_TimeOut,id:"+id+"耗時3秒";
    }
}

控制器

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port")
    private String serverPost;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
        log.info("******result"+result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("******result"+result);
        return result;
    }
}

 啓動類

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

然後藉助JMeter壓力測試

https://blog.csdn.net/bailaoshi666/article/details/107067478

 

80項目模塊

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hystrix-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定義的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--一般基礎通用配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

service層,一定要feign註解加接口啊 

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT")
public interface PaymentHystrixService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);


    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

控制器

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService  paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
    }


    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
    }
}

 

壓力8001接口測試再走80接口會報超時錯誤

寫降級方法

修改8001的service層,超時3秒走另一個

@Service
public class PaymentService {
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id){
        return "線程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_ok,id:"+id;
    }


    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="3000")
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "線程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_TimeOut,id:"+id+"耗時5秒";
    }

    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id){
        return "線程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler,id:"+id+"攔截方法";
    }
}

 

啓動類要加@EnableCircuitBreaker即可

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

方法改成int age = 10/0計算錯誤也可以攔截

 

另外關於Hystrix的註解,建議修改完重啓微服務,熱部署對於這個註解不是及時反應

 

一般在項目中,斷路器Hystrix一般是寫在消費者,就是80端口的服務。所以下面來爲80項目添加斷路器

其實主要就是application.yml加啓動,啓動類加註解,服務加註解

application.yml

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

啓動類

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class,args);
    }
}

控制器

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService  paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
    }


    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="1500")
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
    }

    public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "我是消費者80,對方系統繁忙";
    }
}

效果。寫上int age  = 10/0。效果如下

這裏讓我想到個問題 ,爲什麼 8001的斷路器寫在service層,而80的斷路器在控制層。

後來發現原來是,視頻老師偷懶,8001的service層是class層,實際就是平常的serviceImpl層,可以寫實現,也可以寫控制器上。而80項目的service是interface,接口,只能寫在serviceImpl,但是視頻中爲了簡便,沒有serviceImpl,直接控制器實現,所以這就是寫在控制器的原因,其實寫serviceImpl即可 。仔細查看項目,8001的service層(實際是serviceImpl層)加了 @Service註解。而80項目的 service層加了 @Component掃描。

 

之後,我修改了8001,把斷路器從service層(實際是serviceImpl層)移動到了控制層,效果依舊可以。從80訪問依舊走80的callback

 

接下來考慮到效率問題,如何1對多的斷路器,就是默認斷路器

主要是 @DefaultProperties 和 @HystrixCommand

代碼只修改這個。要注意這個默認的斷路器方法不能寫參數

@RestController
@Slf4j
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod")
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService  paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
    }


    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    /*@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="1000")
    })*/
    @HystrixCommand
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
    }

    public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "我是消費者80,對方系統繁忙";
    }

    public String payment_Global_FallbackMethod(){
        return "我是消費者80的全局斷路器";
    }

}

效果如下

 

考慮完1對多的斷路器,要考慮如何寫代碼解耦,更優化

寫個類,繼承service層並掃描進spring

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService {
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id) {
        return "PaymentFallbackService-okokkokokokok";
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
        return "PaymentFallbackService.timeoutimeout";
    }
}

 

service層加fallback

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);


    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

 

注意application.yml要開啓 

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

 

效果圖

 

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