Android0915(多媒體、SoundPool、MediaRecorder、SurfaceView,簡單地使用攝像頭)

SoundPool

SoundPool類管理和播放音頻資源的應用。因爲MediaPlayer在播放音樂時會資源佔用量較高、延遲時間較長、不支持多個音頻同時播放等。,但有時一些系統提示音很小,就沒有必要用MediaPlayer去播放,就用到了SoundPool.SoundPool載入音樂文件使用了獨立的線程,不會阻塞UI主線程的操作。SoundPool主要用於播放一些較短的聲音片段,與MediaPlayer相比,SoundPool的優勢在於CPU資源佔用量低和反應延遲小。另外,SoundPool還支持自行設置聲音的品質、音量、 播放比率等參數。

SoundPlayer 播放音頻的實現步驟

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_soundpool"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="提示音"/>

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn_soundpool;
    private SoundPool pool=null;
    private int voiceID;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        voiceID=initSoundpool();
        btn_soundpool= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_soundpool);
        btn_soundpool.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                playSound();
            }
        });     
    }
    public void playSound(){
        //play(int soundID, float leftVolume, float rightVolume, int priority, int loop, float rate) ,
        // soundID該方法的第一個參數指定播放哪個聲音,其中leftVolume和rightVolume表示左右音量,
        // priority表示優先級,loop表示循環次數,rate表示速率,如
       //速率最低0.5最高爲2,1代表正常速度
        pool.play(voiceID,1,1,0,1,1);
    }
    private int initSoundpool() {
        //判斷sdk的版本號,高於21 的可以用下面的方法
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
            //通過SoundPool.Builder創建SoundPool得到實例對象
            SoundPool.Builder builder=new SoundPool.Builder();
            //setMaxStreams()方法設置可以同時播放的同時流的最大數量。參數爲大於等於1的值
            builder.setMaxStreams(2);
            //AudioAttributes類封裝的屬性的集合來描述一個音頻流的信息。
            //AudioAttributes.Builder用於生成AudioAttributes類
            AudioAttributes.Builder attrBuilder=new AudioAttributes.Builder();
            //AudioAttributes.Builder的setLegacyStreamType()方法從傳統的流類型中推斷出的屬性。
            //setLegacyStreamType參數AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC爲音樂播放的音頻流
            attrBuilder.setLegacyStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
            //setAudioAttributes()方法得到AudioAttributes集合,參數爲attribute類型的非空值
            builder.setAudioAttributes(attrBuilder.build());
            pool=builder.build();
        }else{
            //SDK版本低於21的可以用下面的方法
            //第一個參數是聲音的大小,第二個參數是數量流的類型,第三個參數爲採樣率轉化質量,當前無效果,使用0作爲默認值
            pool=new SoundPool(2,AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC,0);
        }
        //int  load(String path, int priority) 從APK資源載入或 resld 所對應的資源加載聲音。
        //最後一個參數爲優先級。
        //加載聲音之後,該方法都會返回該聲音的的ID,以後程序就可以通過該聲音的ID 來播放指定聲音。
        return pool.load(getApplicationContext(),R.raw.msg,1);
    }
}

這裏寫圖片描述

MediaRecorder錄音

MediaRecorder的機制圖,錄音需要系統的錄音權限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"></uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>

這裏寫圖片描述
基本的步驟爲:

1、創建一個實例對象
2、創建一個Mediarecorder的類,然後調用Mediarecorder的方法完成設置audio源、設置輸出文件格式、audio編碼格式、設置輸出文件
3、準備錄音,開始錄音,停止錄音,釋放相關連接對象
>

mediaRecorder=new MediaRecorder();           
mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);
mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);
mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/myrecord.3gp");
mediaRecorder.prepare();
mediaRecorder.start();
 mediaRecorder.stop();
//reset()重啓mediarecorder其空閒狀態
mediaRecorder.reset();
//release()釋放資源這個mediarecorder對象關聯
mediaRecorder.release();

activity_main.xml

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Button btn_StartRecorder;
    private Button btn_StopRecorder;
    private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        voiceID=initSoundpool();
         btn_StartRecorder= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_start_recorder);
        btn_StartRecorder.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_StopRecorder= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_stop_recorder);
        btn_StopRecorder.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
        switch(v.getId()){
        case R.id.btn_start_recorder:
                //創建一個MediaRecorder類的實例對象
                mediaRecorder=new MediaRecorder();
                //setAudioSource()方法設置用於錄製的音頻源,參數爲使用的音頻源
                //MediaRecorder.AudioSource定義的音頻源.MIC爲麥克風音頻源
                mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
                //setOutputFormat()方法爲設置輸出格式爲.3gp
                mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);
                //setAudioEncoder()方法爲設置編碼格式,
                // 參數爲定義的音頻編碼格式,AMR_NB爲AMR(窄帶)音頻編解碼器
                mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);
                //setOutputFile()方法設置輸出文件的路徑,
                mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/myrecord.3gp");
                try {
                    //prepare()準備錄音機開始捕獲和編碼數據。
                    mediaRecorder.prepare();
                    //start()開始捕獲和指定setoutputfile()文件數據編碼
                    mediaRecorder.start();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.btn_stop_recorder:
                //stop()停止錄製
                mediaRecorder.stop();
                //reset()重啓mediarecorder其空閒狀態
                mediaRecorder.reset();
                //release()釋放資源這個mediarecorder對象關聯
                mediaRecorder.release();
                break;
                   }
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_start_recorder"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="開始錄音"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_stop_recorder"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="結束錄音"/>


</LinearLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.administrator.soundpool" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"></uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/music"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".SurfaceViewActivity"></activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

這裏寫圖片描述

VideoView和SurfaceView播放視頻

用VideoView控件來播放視頻,顯示視頻文件。VideoView類可以從各種來源加載圖像(如資源或內容提供商),負責計算測量從視頻,它可以用在任何佈局管理器,提供了各種各樣的顯示選項,如縮放和着色。
SurfaceView和View最本質的區別在於,surfaceView是在一個新起的單獨線程中可以重新繪製畫面而View必須在UI的主線程中更新畫面。 當使用surfaceView 由於是在新的線程中更新畫面所以不會阻塞你的UI主線程。雖然VideoView可以很容易地播放視頻,但播放位置和播放大小並不受控制,因此,需要用SurfaceView來播放視頻

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_surfaceview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="開始播放surfacview"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_start_playvideo"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="開始播放"/>
    <VideoView
        android:id="@+id/videoview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.administrator.soundpool" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"></uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/music"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".SurfaceViewActivity"></activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Button btn_StartPlay;
    private VideoView mVideoView;
    private Button btn_surfaceview;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
         btn_StartPlay= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_start_playvideo);
        btn_StartPlay.setOnClickListener(this);
        mVideoView= (VideoView) findViewById(R.id.videoview);
        btn_surfaceview= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_surfaceview);
        btn_surfaceview.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
         @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch(v.getId()){
         case R.id.btn_start_playvideo:
                //setVideoPath設置視頻的文件來源位置
                mVideoView.setVideoPath(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/aa.mp4");
                //setMediaController設置進度條在界面上顯示
                mVideoView.setMediaController(new MediaController(MainActivity.this));
                //start()開始播放視頻
                mVideoView.start();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_surfaceview:
                Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,SurfaceViewActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
                break;
     }
}
}

SurfaceViewActivity.java啓動另一個界面來說明surfaceView播放視頻

public class SurfaceViewActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Button btn_playsvvideo;
    private SurfaceView mSurfaceView;
    private MediaPlayer player;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_surfaceview);
        btn_playsvvideo= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_playsurfaceview);
        btn_playsvvideo.setOnClickListener(this);
        mSurfaceView= (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surfaceview);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_playsurfaceview:
                if (player==null){
                    player=new MediaPlayer();
                }
                player.reset();
                try {
                    //設置視頻位置
                    player.setDataSource(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/aa.mp4");
                    player.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);//設置聲音類型
                    Log.d("空指針",player+""+mSurfaceView);
                    player.setDisplay(mSurfaceView.getHolder());//設置視頻播放位置
                    player.prepare();//準備
                    player.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
                            mp.start();//開始播放
                        }
                    });
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}

activity_surfaceview.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button
    android:id="@+id/btn_playsurfaceview"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="開始播放"/>
    <SurfaceView
        android:id="@+id/surfaceview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

調用系統攝像頭

調用系統的攝像頭進行拍照並顯示在ImageView上,還可以調用系統的相冊,選取其中的一張在ImageView上顯示,有時候照片質量過高,無法顯示,可以對照片進行壓縮,在進行存儲並顯示。

MainActivity.xml(這裏將圖片壓縮寫到另一個類裏)

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Button btn_StartCamera;
    private Button btn_OpenGallery;
    private ImageView mImageView;
    private File file;
    private int GET_PIC_FORM_GALLERY=0x24;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn_StartCamera= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_startcamera);
        btn_StartCamera.setOnClickListener(this);
        mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageview);
        btn_OpenGallery= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_open_gallery);
        btn_OpenGallery.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {

        switch(v.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_startcamera:
                Intent intent=new Intent();
                intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);//隱式啓動系統相機
               file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),System.currentTimeMillis()+".jpg");
                try {
                    file.createNewFile();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,Uri.fromFile(file));//告訴系統相機將照片保存的位置
                startActivityForResult(intent, 0x23);//開始啓動
                break;
                //調用系統相冊按鈕事件監聽
            case R.id.btn_open_gallery:
                Intent intentOpenGallery=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
                //得到intent的類型爲圖片
                intentOpenGallery.setType("image/*");
                startActivityForResult(intentOpenGallery, GET_PIC_FORM_GALLERY);
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){
            if (requestCode==0x23){
                ImageZip.zipImage(file.getAbsolutePath());//壓縮圖片
                mImageView.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile(file));//得到圖片
            }if (requestCode==GET_PIC_FORM_GALLERY){
            //從系統相冊中得到圖片
                Uri uri=data.getData();
                mImageView.setImageURI(uri);
            }
        }
    }

}

ImageZip.java(壓縮圖片的方法)

public class ImageZip {
    public static void zipImage(String savePath) {
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(savePath, options);
        options.inSampleSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, 480, 480 * 960);
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(savePath, options);
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(savePath);
            bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 90, fos);
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        bitmap.recycle();
        bitmap = null;
        System.gc();
    }
    public static int computeSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
                                 int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {
        int initialSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, minSideLength,
                maxNumOfPixels);
        int roundedSize;
        if (initialSize <= 8) {
            roundedSize = 1;
            while (roundedSize < initialSize) {
                roundedSize <<= 1;
            }
        } else {
            roundedSize = (initialSize + 7) / 8 * 8;
        }
        return roundedSize;
    }

    private static int computeInitialSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
                                         int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {
        double w = options.outWidth;
        double h = options.outHeight;
        int lowerBound = (maxNumOfPixels == -1) ? 1 : (int) Math.ceil(Math
                .sqrt(w * h / maxNumOfPixels));
        int upperBound = (minSideLength == -1) ? 128 : (int) Math.min(
                Math.floor(w / minSideLength), Math.floor(h / minSideLength));
        if (upperBound < lowerBound) {
            // return the larger one when there is no overlapping zone.
            return lowerBound;
        }
        if ((maxNumOfPixels == -1) && (minSideLength == -1)) {
            return 1;
        } else if (minSideLength == -1) {
            return lowerBound;
        } else {
            return upperBound;
        }
    }

}

activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_startcamera"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="調用系統相機"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_open_gallery"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:text="打開相冊"/>
<ImageView
    android:id="@+id/imageview"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</RelativeLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.administrator.camera" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/camera"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>
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