1、常用命令總結

1.rpm卸載： rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el7.x86_64
  rpm查找： rpm -qa | grep mariadb

2.yum卸載：yum remove xx
 

3.服務重啓操作命令：systemctl restart mysqld
         查看狀態： systemctl status mysqld
         centos6.5mysql的服務操作命令：service mysql start/stop

4.關閉防火牆       :systemctl stop firewalld.service
  開機禁止啓動防火牆：systemctl disable firewalld.service

2、rpm下載安裝（最快捷方式）

2.1、卸載mariadb

1、查找命令： rpm -qa | grep mariadb

2、查找幾個就卸載幾個，下載命令如下： rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64

3、卸載完成之後，vim /etc/my.cnf 應該就沒了。這個時候就代表卸載完成

2.2、安裝依賴

具體根據實際情況，缺啥安裝啥，這個也沒細總結過

yum install perl -y

2.3、下載rpm文件

2.3.1下載地址

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.3.2下載整合版Bundle

下載整合版：https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

2.3.3下載四個文件

下載地址是：

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

（選擇對應的版本）按照順序來

(mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm)

(mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm)

(mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm)

(mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm)

2.4、執行命令安裝

如果存在衝突或者缺少依賴：

如卸載命令： rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el7.x86_64

如安裝命令：yum install gcc -y

依次安裝即可，要注意順序

   sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

到這裏默認就安裝結束，同時已經啓動mysql的服務

2.5、安裝目錄如下

數據庫目錄：/var/lib/mysql/

命令配置：/usr/share/mysql (mysql.server命令及配置文件)

相關命令：/usr/bin (mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)

啓動腳本：/etc/rc.d/init.d/ (啓動腳本文件mysql的目錄)

系統配置：/etc/my.conf

2.6、查看mysql運行狀態，並重啓

systemctl status mysqld

systemctl restart mysqld

2.7、重置密碼

1：vim /etc/my.cnf

2:在最後加上: skip-grant-tables

3：重啓mysql服務: systemctl restart mysqld

4: mysql -u root-p 不需要輸入密碼直接enter即可

5:設置root賬號的密碼：

設置密碼：update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' ;

刷新：FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

6：退出mysql：將之前加入的跳過密碼驗證刪掉

命令：vim /etc/my.cnf

把skip-grant-tables去掉

7: 重新登錄數據庫

執行命令出現不能操作情況：show databases;

修改密碼即可：alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Root123456xxx';

8:外部不能連接問題

use mysql ；

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root123456xxx' WITH GRANT OPTION;

flush privileges；刷新

9 ：安裝完成了

3、tar安裝

卸載：mariadb

1、 rpm -qa | grep mariadb

2、rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64

3、卸載完成之後，vim /etc/my.cnf 應該就沒了

3.1、下載安裝包

地址： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

下載地址： https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-el7-x86_64.tar

選擇：(mysql-5.7.29-el7-x86_64.tar.gz)

3.2、上傳到服務器

位置是：/usr/local/ 目錄下

3.3、解壓到當前文件夾/usr/local/

如果是tar文件：tar -xvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

如果是tar.gz解壓：tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

改名字：mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

3.4、創建data路徑

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

3.5、創建mysql用戶組

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql mysql

3.6、授權用戶組

     chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
     chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

3.7、初始化腳本，5.7中這個過時了(這裏不採用)

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
[root@ip-100 bin]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
2020-01-16 01:23:59 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2020-01-16 01:23:59 [ERROR]   The data directory needs to be specified.

3.8、更改mysql安裝文件夾mysql/的權限

chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql/

3.9、初始化mysql

3.9.1執行如果出現錯誤，可能缺少這個依賴：yum install libaio

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

下面是輸出內容，注意最後一行的初始化密碼，
2020-01-15T17:31:36.283878Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: spPwujtd1z%X

[root@ip-100 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
2020-01-15T17:31:33.818233Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-01-15T17:31:34.417755Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-01-15T17:31:34.510250Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-01-15T17:31:34.759518Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e0788195-37bc-11ea-a2a6-000c29cf0c82.
2020-01-15T17:31:34.765729Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-01-15T17:31:35.831655Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.

2020-01-15T17:31:36.283878Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: spPwujtd1z%X

3.10、修改Mysql配置文件，並將配置文件放到/etc/init.d/目錄下面

vim /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

# Set some defaults

mysqld_pid_file_path=

if test -z "$basedir"

then

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

if test -z "$datadir"

then

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

else

bindir="$basedir/bin"

if test -z "$datadir"

then

datadir="$basedir/data"

sbindir="$basedir/sbin"

libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"

3.10.1將當前配置文件加入到啓動/etc/init.d/mysqld

（ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 也可以）

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

3.11、加入開啓自啓動，啓動mysql。（這個用不用都行）

systemctl enable mysqld

3.12、添加my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

原先內容：（可能不存在原先的內容）

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

覆蓋的內容是：（如果沒有卸載mariadb，加上這句： !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d）

[root@ip-100 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[client]

no-beep

socket =/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

# pipe

# socket=0.0

port=3306

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

port=3306

pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid

#skip-grant-tables

skip-name-resolve

socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

character-set-server=utf8

default-storage-engine=INNODB

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

# Server Id.

server-id=1

max_connections=2000

query_cache_size=0

table_open_cache=2000

tmp_table_size=246M

thread_cache_size=300

#限定用於每個數據庫線程的棧大小。默認設置足以滿足大多數應用

thread_stack = 192k

key_buffer_size=512M

read_buffer_size=4M

read_rnd_buffer_size=32M

innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0

innodb_log_buffer_size=16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M

innodb_log_file_size=128M

innodb_thread_concurrency=128

innodb_autoextend_increment=1000

innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8

innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000

innodb_old_blocks_time=1000

innodb_open_files=300

innodb_stats_on_metadata=0

innodb_file_per_table=1

innodb_checksum_algorithm=0

back_log=80

flush_time=0

join_buffer_size=128M

max_allowed_packet=1024M

max_connect_errors=2000

open_files_limit=4161

query_cache_type=0

sort_buffer_size=32M

table_definition_cache=1400

binlog_row_event_max_size=8K

sync_master_info=10000

sync_relay_log=10000

sync_relay_log_info=10000

#批量插入數據緩存大小，可以有效提高插入效率，默認爲8M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

log-bin-trust-function-creators=1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

# include all files from the config directory

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

3.13、mysql添加到環境變量中

vim ~/.bash_profile

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

source ~/.bash_profile

3.14、啓動mysql服務

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

#或者： systemctl restart mysqld

14.1 如果不只是在 /usr/local/mysql路徑下面可能會報錯，那麼執行下面操作，軟連接

執行：ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/mysqld /usr/local/mysql/mysqld

下面是網上的報錯內容：

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).

　　因爲新版本的mysql安全啓動安裝包只認/usr/local/mysql這個路徑。解決辦法：

　　方法1、建立軟連接

cd /usr/local/mysql

ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd /usr/local/mysql/mysqld

　　方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件（有強迫症的同學建議這種，我用的這種）

vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

#將所有的/usr/local/mysql改爲/software/mysql

　　保存退出。（可以將這個文件拷出來再修改然後替換）

3.15、登錄

15.1: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p

輸入的密碼是剛纔初始化的時候生成的密碼

15.2：修改mysql的登錄密碼，在mysql的控制檯直接執行即可

mysql> show databases;

ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

set password=password('root');

grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';

flush privileges;

3.16、修改密碼命令：

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root.?';

flush privileges;

到此安裝完成。

mysql安裝教程-兩種安裝方式，rpm安裝和tar安裝

1、常用命令總結

2、rpm下載安裝（最快捷方式）

2.1、卸載mariadb

2.2、安裝依賴

2.3、下載rpm文件

2.3.1下載地址

2.3.2下載整合版Bundle

2.3.3下載四個文件

2.4、執行命令安裝

2.5、安裝目錄如下

2.6、查看mysql運行狀態，並重啓

2.7、重置密碼

3、tar安裝

卸載：mariadb

3.1、下載安裝包

3.2、上傳到服務器

3.3、解壓到當前文件夾/usr/local/

3.4、創建data路徑

3.5、創建mysql用戶組

3.6、授權用戶組

3.7、初始化腳本，5.7中 這個過時了(這裏不採用)

3.8、更改mysql安裝文件夾mysql/的權限

3.9、初始化mysql

3.9.1執行如果出現錯誤，可能缺少這個依賴：yum install libaio

3.10、修改Mysql配置文件，並將配置文件放到/etc/init.d/目錄下面

3.10.1將當前配置文件加入到啓動/etc/init.d/mysqld

3.11、加入開啓自啓動，啓動mysql。（這個用不用都行）

3.12、添加my.cnf

3.13、mysql添加到環境變量中

3.14、啓動mysql服務

14.1 如果不只是在 /usr/local/mysql路徑下面可能會報錯，那麼執行下面操作，軟連接

3.15、登錄

3.16、修改密碼命令：

3.7、初始化腳本，5.7中這個過時了(這裏不採用)