SpringMVC中可以接收的参数--超详细

本文详细归纳了SpringMVC中控制器可以接收的参数，下面会逐个列出，并给出代码示例

1. Web开发相关对象

request对象
response对象
session对象
WebRequest对象 - request对象和session对象的合体，同时提供了request和session相关的方法

  @RequestMapping("/test01.action")
    public void test01(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session, WebRequest wreq){
        //--request
        request.getParameter("username");
        request.getHeader("Host");
        //--response
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //--session
        session.setAttribute("k1","v1");
        //--WebRequest
        wreq.getParameter("username");
        wreq.getHeader("Host");
        wreq.getSessionId();
    }

2. web流对象

InputStream - request.getInputStream()
OutputStream - response.getOutputStream()
Reader - request.getReader()
Writer - response.getWriter()

注意！
不能同时获取InputStream和Reader
不能同时获取OutputStream和Writer

    @RequestMapping("/test02.action")
    public void test02(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
        out.write("abcdef".getBytes());
    }

测试结果如下

3.模型对象

Model
Map
ModelMap

此三类对象都是模型对象，用来封装模型数据，唯一的不同在其api有所区别

@RequestMapping("/test03.action")
    public String test03(Model model, Map map, ModelMap modelMap){
        model.addAttribute("k1","v1");
        model.addAttribute("k2","v2");

        map.put("k3","v3");
        map.get("k3");

        modelMap.addAttribute("k4","v4");
        modelMap.put("k5","v5");
        modelMap.get("k5");

        return "my01test03";
    }

4.请求参数

41.传统方式获取

@RequestMapping("/test01.action")
    public void test01(HttpServletRequest request){
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(age);
    }

可以通过浏览器地址栏传参获取，测试结果如下

如：http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam_Web_exploded/my02/test01.action?username=zs&age=18

4.2直接获取方式一

SpringMVC中可以直接获取，但是要注意：请求参数名和方法参数名一致

测试方法同上，这里不再给出

    @RequestMapping("/test02.action")
    public void test02(String username,int age){
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(age);
    }

4.3直接获取方式二

上面4.2方式要求参数名和方法参数名必须一致，如果请求参数名和方法参数名不一致时可以通过@RequestParam注解指定参数即可获取

    @RequestMapping("/test03.action")
    public void test03(@RequestParam("username") String uname,@RequestParam("age") int uage){
        System.out.println(uname);
        System.out.println(uage);
    }

4.4多个同名请求参数

4.4.1方式一：用字符串接收，则，获取到多个值用逗号拼接的结果

    @RequestMapping("/test04.action")
    public void test04(String username,int age,String like){

        System.out.println(like);
     
    }

测试通过地址栏拼接多个同名请求参数

http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam_Web_exploded/my02/test04.action?username=zs&age=18&like=zq&like=pq&like=qq

测试结果如下

4.4.2方式二：用字符串数组接受，则，获取到多个值组成的数组

    @RequestMapping("/test04.action")
    public void test04(String username,int age,String [] like){
        System.out.println(Arrays.asList(like));
    }

测试结果为

4.5封装请求参数到bean

可以直接在控制器方法上接收一个bean，springmvc自动将请求参数封装到bean的同名属性中

4.5.1情况一：

User实体类如下：

public class User {
    private String username;
    private int age;
    private String addr;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, int age, String addr) {
        this.username = username;
        this.age = age;
        this.addr = addr;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddr() {
        return addr;
    }

    public void setAddr(String addr) {
        this.addr = addr;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", addr='" + addr + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

控制器中直接获取User对象

    @RequestMapping("/test05.action")
    public void test05(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
    }

通过地址栏传参测试

http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam_Web_exploded/my02/test05.action?username=zs&age=19&addr=bj

测试结果如下：

4.5.2情况二

复杂类型封装请求参数到bean，如下User2中除了基本的数据类型，还有引用数据类型Dog

public class User2 {
    private String username;
    private int age;
    private String addr;
    private Dog dog;

    public User2() {
    }

    public User2(String username, int age, String addr, Dog dog) {
        this.username = username;
        this.age = age;
        this.addr = addr;
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddr() {
        return addr;
    }

    public void setAddr(String addr) {
        this.addr = addr;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User2{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", addr='" + addr + '\'' +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

控制器中的代码：

    @RequestMapping("/test06.action")
    public void test06(User2 user2){
        System.out.println(user2);
    }

通过地址栏传参测试

http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam_Web_exploded/my02/test06.action?username=zs&age=19&addr=bj&dog.name=wc&dog.age=3

测试结果如下：

5.域属性

四大域属性中：

page（pageContext）域SpringMVC中Controller没什么关联，因为它只是在jsp页面起作用

ServletContext 在SpringMvc中没有便捷方式

5.1Request域属性 - 传统方式

//先执行下面，设置好值，然后在通过传统的方式获取
    @RequestMapping("/test01.action")
    public void test01(HttpServletRequest request){
        String v1 = (String) request.getAttribute("k1");
        String v2 = (String) request.getAttribute("k2");
        System.out.println(v1);
        System.out.println(v2);
    }

///////////////////////////////////////////////
    @RequestMapping("/test00.action")
    public void test00(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        request.setAttribute("k1","v1");
//        request.setAttribute("k2","v2");
//        request.getRequestDispatcher("/my03/test01.action").forward(request,response);

//        request.setAttribute("k1","v1");
//        request.setAttribute("k2","v2");
//        request.getRequestDispatcher("/my03/test02.action").forward(request,response);

//        session.setAttribute("sk1","sv1");
//        session.setAttribute("sk2","sv2");
//        request.getRequestDispatcher("/my03/test03.action").forward(request,response);

        session.setAttribute("sk1","sv1");
        session.setAttribute("sk2","sv2");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/my03/test04.action").forward(request,response);
    }

5.2通过SpringMVC方式获取Request域属性

    @RequestMapping("/test02.action")
    public void test02(@RequestAttribute("k1") String k1,@RequestAttribute("k2") String k2){
        System.out.println(k1);
        System.out.println(k2);
    }

5.3Session域属性 - 传统方式获取

    @RequestMapping("/test03.action")
    public void test03(HttpSession session){
        String sk1 = (String) session.getAttribute("sk1");
        String sk2 = (String) session.getAttribute("sk2");
        System.out.println(sk1);
        System.out.println(sk2);
    }

5.4Session域属性 - SpringMVC方式获取

    @RequestMapping("/test04.action")
    public void test04(@SessionAttribute("sk1") String sk1,@SessionAttribute("sk2") String sk2){
        System.out.println(sk1);
        System.out.println(sk2);
    }

6.SpringMVC获取模型中的数据

获取的方式有两种，获取前可以通过@ModelAttribute将值存入到model

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
@RequestMapping("/my04")
public class MyController04 {
    @ModelAttribute("mk1")
    public String mx(){
        System.out.println("mx...");
        return "abc";
    }

    /**
     * 控制器方法可以接受的参数6 - 模型数据
     *  http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam/my04/test02.action
     */
    @RequestMapping("/test02.action")
    public void test02(@ModelAttribute("mk1") String mk1){
        System.out.println(mk1);
    }

    /**
     * 控制器方法可以接受的参数6 - 模型数据
     *  http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam/my04/test01.action
     */
    @RequestMapping("/test01.action")
    public void test01(Model model){
        System.out.println(model.asMap());
    }
}

测试结果如下

7.其他可接收的请求参数

7.1Cookie值 - 传统方式

 @RequestMapping("/test01.action")
    public void test01(HttpServletRequest request){
        Cookie[] cs = request.getCookies();
        Cookie findC = null;
        if(cs!=null){
            for(Cookie c : cs){
                if("JSESSIONID".equals(c.getName())){
                    findC = c;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if(findC!=null){
            String v = findC.getValue();
            System.out.println(v);
        }
    }

7.2Cookie值 - SpringMVC方式

    @RequestMapping("/test02.action")
    public void test02(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String JSESSIONID){
        System.out.println(JSESSIONID);
    }

7.3Header值 - 传统方式

    @RequestMapping("/test03.action")
    public void test03(HttpServletRequest request){
        String value = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
        System.out.println(value);
    }

7.4Header值 - SpringMVC方式

    @RequestMapping("/test04.action")
    public void test04(@RequestHeader("User-Agent") String userAgent){
        System.out.println(userAgent);
    }

7.5路径参数获取

RESTFul风格的请求

 /**
     * 控制器方法可以接受的参数9 - 路径参数获取
     *  http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam/my05/test05/zs/19.action
     *  http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam/my05/test05/ls/23.action
     *  http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam/my05/test05/ww/31.action
     */
    @RequestMapping("/test05/{uname}/{uage}.action")
    public void test05(@PathVariable("uname") String uname,@PathVariable("uage") int uage){
        System.out.println(uname);
        System.out.println(uage);
    }

测试结果如下：

7.6获取请求体

    /**
     * 控制器方法可以接受的参数10 - 获取请求体
     *  用字符串接收可以将请求体以一个字符串来接收
     *  如果请求体中是一个json数据，则可以用一个bean来接收，SpringMVC会自动将json中的数据设置到bean的对应属性上
     *  http://localhost/SpringMVCDay02_01_accpetParam/my05test06.jsp
     */
    @RequestMapping("/test06.action")
    public void test06(@RequestBody User user){
        System.out.println(user);
    }

前端页面，数据通过ajax 发送

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>my05test06.jsp</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-1.2.6.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function sendData(){
            $.ajax({
                url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/my05/test06.action",
                type: "post",
                data: JSON.stringify({'username':'zs','age':19,'addr':'bj'}),
                contentType: "application/json",
                success: function(flag){
                    if (flag) {
                        console.log("添加成功");
                    } else {
                        console.log("添加失败");
                    }
                }
            });
        }


    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <input type="button" onclick="sendData()" value="发送"/>
</body>
</html>

测试结果：

SpringMVC中可以接收的参数--超详细

1. Web开发相关对象

2. web流对象

3.模型对象

4.请求参数

5.域属性

6.SpringMVC获取模型中的数据

7.其他可接收的请求参数

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