Furture模式是把一个任务拆成多个子任务,没有依赖关系的子任务来并行执运行的模式,旨在提高程序处理效率
假如说做饭需要三步,买菜(2秒)、买油(3秒)、炒菜(4秒)三步,其中买菜、买油可以两个人同时做,炒菜依赖买菜、买油的结果。
private String buyVegetable() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("buyVegetable done");
return "vegetable";
}
private String buyOil() {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("buyOil done");
return "oil";
}
public void cooking(String oil, String vegetable) {
log.info(oil + " and " + vegetable + " get, start cooking");
try {
Thread.sleep(4000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("cooking done");
}
测试代码:
private ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
@Test
public void testFuture() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
Long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Future<String> vegetableFuture = executor.submit(this::buyVegetable);
Future<String> oilFuture = executor.submit(this::buyOil);
String oil = oilFuture.get();
String vegetable = vegetableFuture.get();
cooking(oil, vegetable);
Long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
log.info("cost: " + (endTime - startTime));
}
输出:
2020-07-02 20:26:40.765 - [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.demo.util.FTPUtilTest : 47 - buyVegetable done
2020-07-02 20:26:41.764 - [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.demo.util.FTPUtilTest : 57 - buyOil done
2020-07-02 20:26:41.764 - [main] INFO com.demo.util.FTPUtilTest : 62 - oil and vegetable get, start cooking
2020-07-02 20:26:45.779 - [main] INFO com.demo.util.FTPUtilTest : 68 - cooking done
2020-07-02 20:26:45.779 - [main] INFO com.demo.util.FTPUtilTest : 38 - cost: 7061
可以看到,买蔬菜和买油是两个线程执行的,总耗时似乎7秒左右而不是串行下的9秒