高效Java之在模板類中模擬自我類型

// Builder pattern for class hierarchies
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

public abstract class Pizza {
    public enum Topping {HAM, MUSHROOM, ONION, PEPPER, SAUSAGE}
    final Set<Topping> toppings;

    abstract static class Builder<T extends Builder<T>> {
        EnumSet<Topping> toppings = EnumSet.noneOf(Topping.class);

        public T addTopping(Topping topping) {
            toppings.add(Objects.requireNonNull(topping));
            return self();
        }

        abstract Pizza build();

        // Subclasses must override this method to return "this"
        protected abstract T self();
    }

    Pizza(Builder<?> builder) {
        toppings = builder.toppings.clone(); // See Item 50
    }
}

實現類：

import java.util.Objects;

public class NyPizza extends Pizza {
    public enum Size { SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE }
    private final Size size;

    public static class Builder extends Pizza.Builder<Builder> {
        private final Size size;

        public Builder(Size size) {
            this.size = Objects.requireNonNull(size);
        }

        @Override public NyPizza build() {
            return new NyPizza(this);
        }

        @Override protected Builder self() {
            return this;
        }
    }

    private NyPizza(Builder builder) {
        super(builder);
        size = builder.size;
    }
}

在父類的build中指定泛型，提供抽象方法self（）返回自我類型，允許方法鏈在子類中正常工作，而不需要強轉。