瞭解過python的都知道python最高境界就是人工智能，AI技術，but但凡接觸到AI那都感覺很高大上的，新手小白肯定看不懂...
別急，我給大家帶來了一個僞AI技術，註釋也寫的很明白，保證小白都能一看就懂！！！！
唔，是的，僞AI技術，人機五子棋。（跟電腦下棋）實現一個人就可以跟電腦下棋。
具體怎麼讓電腦產生攻擊力的...
代碼的註釋寫的很清楚。
。。。
話不多說，那就上碼吧。
"""五子棋之人機對戰"""
import sys
import random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import pygame.gfxdraw
from collections import namedtuple
Chessman = namedtuple('Chessman', 'Name Value Color')
Point = namedtuple('Point', 'X Y')
BLACK_CHESSMAN = Chessman('黑子', 1, (45, 45, 45))
WHITE_CHESSMAN = Chessman('白子', 2, (219, 219, 219))
offset = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)]
class Checkerboard:
def __init__(self, line_points):
self._line_points = line_points
self._checkerboard = [[0] * line_points for _ in range(line_points)]
def _get_checkerboard(self):
return self._checkerboard
checkerboard = property(_get_checkerboard)
# 判斷是否可落子
def can_drop(self, point):
return self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] == 0
def drop(self, chessman, point):
"""
落子
:param chessman:
:param point:落子位置
:return:若該子落下之後即可獲勝，則返回獲勝方，否則返回 None
"""
# 把黑棋/白棋落子的座標打印出來
print(f'{chessman.Name} ({point.X}, {point.Y})')
self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = chessman.Value
# 打印獲勝方出來
if self._win(point):
print(f'{chessman.Name}獲勝')
return chessman
# 判斷是否贏了
def _win(self, point):
cur_value = self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X]
for os in offset:
if self._get_count_on_direction(point, cur_value, os[0], os[1]):
return True
# 判斷是否贏了的代碼，從這裏往上看，代碼都是正着寫，反着看，寫代碼思路缺什麼補什麼，所以從這裏開始看
# 聲明一個函數，按方向數數，數滿5個就獲勝。
# 一個二維座標上，判斷上下、左右、兩個45度直線，是否有五個相同的直連棋子，只要滿足五顆子，則遊戲結束:
def _get_count_on_direction(self, point, value, x_offset, y_offset):
count = 1
for step in range(1, 5):
x = point.X + step * x_offset
y = point.Y + step * y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points and self._checkerboard[y][x] == value:
count += 1
else:
break
for step in range(1, 5):
x = point.X - step * x_offset
y = point.Y - step * y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points and self._checkerboard[y][x] == value:
count += 1
else:
break
return count >= 5
SIZE = 30 # 棋盤每個點時間的間隔
Line_Points = 19 # 棋盤每行/每列點數
Outer_Width = 20 # 棋盤外寬度
Border_Width = 4 # 邊框寬度
Inside_Width = 4 # 邊框跟實際的棋盤之間的間隔
Border_Length = SIZE * (Line_Points - 1) + Inside_Width * 2 + Border_Width # 邊框線的長度
Start_X = Start_Y = Outer_Width + int(Border_Width / 2) + Inside_Width # 網格線起點（左上角）座標
SCREEN_HEIGHT = SIZE * (Line_Points - 1) + Outer_Width * 2 + Border_Width + Inside_Width * 2 # 遊戲屏幕的高
SCREEN_WIDTH = SCREEN_HEIGHT + 200 # 遊戲屏幕的寬
Stone_Radius = SIZE // 2 - 3 # 棋子半徑
Stone_Radius2 = SIZE // 2 + 3
Checkerboard_Color = (0xE3, 0x92, 0x65) # 棋盤顏色，0x是16進製表示哦
BLACK_COLOR = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE_COLOR = (255, 255, 255)
RED_COLOR = (200, 30, 30)
BLUE_COLOR = (30, 30, 200)
RIGHT_INFO_POS_X = SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2 * 2 + 10
def print_text(screen, font, x, y, text, fcolor=(255, 255, 255)):
imgText = font.render(text, True, fcolor)
screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋')
font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 32) # 字體：黑體，32號
font2 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 72) # 字體：黑體，72號
fwidth, fheight = font2.size('黑方獲勝')
checkerboard = Checkerboard(Line_Points)
cur_runner = BLACK_CHESSMAN
winner = None
computer = AI(Line_Points, WHITE_CHESSMAN)
# 設置黑白雙方初始連子爲0
black_win_count = 0
white_win_count = 0
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_RETURN:
if winner is not None:
winner = None
cur_runner = BLACK_CHESSMAN
checkerboard = Checkerboard(Line_Points)
computer = AI(Line_Points, WHITE_CHESSMAN)
elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: # 檢測鼠標落下
if winner is None: # 檢測是否有一方勝出
pressed_array = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
if pressed_array[0]:
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
click_point = _get_clickpoint(mouse_pos)
if click_point is not None: # 檢測鼠標是否在棋盤內點擊
if checkerboard.can_drop(click_point):
winner = checkerboard.drop(cur_runner, click_point)
if winner is None: # 再次判斷是否有勝出
# 一個循環內檢測兩次，意思就是人出一次檢測一下，電腦出一次檢測一下。
cur_runner = _get_next(cur_runner)
computer.get_opponent_drop(click_point)
AI_point = computer.AI_drop()
winner = checkerboard.drop(cur_runner, AI_point)
if winner is not None:
white_win_count += 1
cur_runner = _get_next(cur_runner)
else:
black_win_count += 1
else:
print('超出棋盤區域')
# 畫棋盤
_draw_checkerboard(screen)
# 畫棋盤上已有的棋子
for i, row in enumerate(checkerboard.checkerboard):
for j, cell in enumerate(row):
if cell == BLACK_CHESSMAN.Value:
_draw_chessman(screen, Point(j, i), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color)
elif cell == WHITE_CHESSMAN.Value:
_draw_chessman(screen, Point(j, i), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color)
_draw_left_info(screen, font1, cur_runner, black_win_count, white_win_count)
if winner:
print_text(screen, font2, (SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - fheight) // 2, winner.Name + '獲勝',
RED_COLOR)
pygame.display.flip()
def _get_next(cur_runner):
if cur_runner == BLACK_CHESSMAN:
return WHITE_CHESSMAN
else:
return BLACK_CHESSMAN
# 畫棋盤
def _draw_checkerboard(screen):
# 填充棋盤背景色
screen.fill(Checkerboard_Color)
# 畫棋盤網格線外的邊框
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK_COLOR, (Outer_Width, Outer_Width, Border_Length, Border_Length), Border_Width)
# 畫網格線
for i in range(Line_Points):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK_COLOR,
(Start_Y, Start_Y + SIZE * i),
(Start_Y + SIZE * (Line_Points - 1), Start_Y + SIZE * i),
1)
for j in range(Line_Points):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK_COLOR,
(Start_X + SIZE * j, Start_X),
(Start_X + SIZE * j, Start_X + SIZE * (Line_Points - 1)),
1)
# 畫星位和天元
for i in (3, 9, 15):
for j in (3, 9, 15):
if i == j == 9:
radius = 5
else:
radius = 3
# pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j), radius)
pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j, radius, BLACK_COLOR)
pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j, radius, BLACK_COLOR)
# 畫棋子
def _draw_chessman(screen, point, stone_color):
# pygame.draw.circle(screen, stone_color, (Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y), Stone_Radius)
pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y, Stone_Radius, stone_color)
pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y, Stone_Radius, stone_color)
# 畫右側信息顯示
def _draw_left_info(screen, font, cur_runner, black_win_count, white_win_count):
_draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, Start_X + Stone_Radius2), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color)
_draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, Start_X + Stone_Radius2 * 4), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color)
print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, Start_X + 3, '玩家', BLUE_COLOR)
print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, Start_X + Stone_Radius2 * 3 + 3, '電腦', BLUE_COLOR)
print_text(screen, font, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 8, '戰況：', BLUE_COLOR)
_draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - int(Stone_Radius2 * 4.5)),
BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color)
_draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 2), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color)
print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, SCREEN_HEIGHT - int(Stone_Radius2 * 5.5) + 3, f'{black_win_count} 勝',
BLUE_COLOR)
print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 3 + 3, f'{white_win_count} 勝',
BLUE_COLOR)
def _draw_chessman_pos(screen, pos, stone_color):
pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, pos[0], pos[1], Stone_Radius2, stone_color)
pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, pos[0], pos[1], Stone_Radius2, stone_color)
# 根據鼠標點擊位置，返回遊戲區座標
def _get_clickpoint(click_pos):
pos_x = click_pos[0] - Start_X
pos_y = click_pos[1] - Start_Y
if pos_x < -Inside_Width or pos_y < -Inside_Width:
return None
x = pos_x // SIZE
y = pos_y // SIZE
if pos_x % SIZE > Stone_Radius:
x += 1
if pos_y % SIZE > Stone_Radius:
y += 1
if x >= Line_Points or y >= Line_Points:
return None
return Point(x, y)
class AI:
def __init__(self, line_points, chessman):
self._line_points = line_points
self._my = chessman
self._opponent = BLACK_CHESSMAN if chessman == WHITE_CHESSMAN else WHITE_CHESSMAN
self._checkerboard = [[0] * line_points for _ in range(line_points)]
def get_opponent_drop(self, point):
self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = self._opponent.Value
def AI_drop(self):
point = None
score = 0
for i in range(self._line_points):
for j in range(self._line_points):
if self._checkerboard[j][i] == 0:
_score = self._get_point_score(Point(i, j))
if _score > score:
score = _score
point = Point(i, j)
elif _score == score and _score > 0:
r = random.randint(0, 100)
if r % 2 == 0:
point = Point(i, j)
self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = self._my.Value
return point
def _get_point_score(self, point):
score = 0
for os in offset:
score += self._get_direction_score(point, os[0], os[1])
return score
def _get_direction_score(self, point, x_offset, y_offset):
count = 0 # 落子處我方連續子數
_count = 0 # 落子處對方連續子數
space = None # 我方連續子中有無空格
_space = None # 對方連續子中有無空格
both = 0 # 我方連續子兩端有無阻擋
_both = 0 # 對方連續子兩端有無阻擋
# 如果是 1 表示是邊上是我方子，2 表示敵方子
flag = self._get_stone_color(point, x_offset, y_offset, True)
if flag != 0:
for step in range(1, 6):
x = point.X + step * x_offset
y = point.Y + step * y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
if flag == 1:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
count += 1
if space is False:
space = True
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
_both += 1
break
else:
if space is None:
space = False
else:
break # 遇到第二個空格退出
elif flag == 2:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
_both += 1
break
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
_count += 1
if _space is False:
_space = True
else:
if _space is None:
_space = False
else:
break
else:
# 遇到邊也就是阻擋
if flag == 1:
both += 1
elif flag == 2:
_both += 1
if space is False:
space = None
if _space is False:
_space = None
_flag = self._get_stone_color(point, -x_offset, -y_offset, True)
if _flag != 0:
for step in range(1, 6):
x = point.X - step * x_offset
y = point.Y - step * y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
if _flag == 1:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
count += 1
if space is False:
space = True
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
_both += 1
break
else:
if space is None:
space = False
else:
break # 遇到第二個空格退出
elif _flag == 2:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
_both += 1
break
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
_count += 1
if _space is False:
_space = True
else:
if _space is None:
_space = False
else:
break
else:
# 遇到邊也就是阻擋
if _flag == 1:
both += 1
elif _flag == 2:
_both += 1
# 下面這一串score（分數）的含義：評估棋格獲勝分數。
# 使計算機計算獲勝分值越高的棋格，就能確定能讓自己的棋子最有可能達成聯機的位置，也就是最佳進攻位置，
# 而一旦計算機能確定自己的最高分值的位置，計算機就具備了進攻能力。
# 同理，計算機能計算出玩家的最大分值位置，並搶先玩家獲得該位置，這樣計算機就具有了防禦的能力。
# 在計算機下棋之前，會計算空白棋格上的獲勝分數，根據分數高低獲取最佳位置。
# 計算機會將棋子下在獲勝分數最高的地方。
# 當已放置4顆棋子時，必須在第五個空棋格上設置絕對高的分值。也就是10000
# 當獲勝組合上有部分位置已被對手的棋格佔據而無法連成五子時，獲勝組合上空棋格的獲勝分數會直接設置爲0。（四顆棋子，你把中間斷了）
# 當有兩組及其以上的獲勝組合位置交叉時，對該位置的分數進行疊加，形成分數比周圍位置明顯高。（五子棋中三三相連）
score = 0
if count == 4:
score = 10000
elif _count == 4:
score = 9000
elif count == 3:
if both == 0:
score = 1000
elif both == 1:
score = 100
else:
score = 0
elif _count == 3:
if _both == 0:
score = 900
elif _both == 1:
score = 90
else:
score = 0
elif count == 2:
if both == 0:
score = 100
elif both == 1:
score = 10
else:
score = 0
elif _count == 2:
if _both == 0:
score = 90
elif _both == 1:
score = 9
else:
score = 0
elif count == 1:
score = 10
elif _count == 1:
score = 9
else:
score = 0
if space or _space:
score /= 2
return score
# 判斷指定位置處在指定方向上是我方子、對方子、空
def _get_stone_color(self, point, x_offset, y_offset, next):
x = point.X + x_offset
y = point.Y + y_offset
if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
return 1
elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
return 2
else:
if next:
return self._get_stone_color(Point(x, y), x_offset, y_offset, False)
else:
return 0
else:
return 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()