01.Dubbo快速入门

一、说明

第一篇文章,先将一个最简单的例子运行起来,让大家对dubbo有一个直观的感受。

插入几个dubbo常用官方网址:

1、中文官网
http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/user/preface/architecture.html
2、apache官网
http://dubbo.apache.org/en-us/docs/user/preface/architecture.html
3、官网文档(供学习、参考)
http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/user/quick-start.html
4、github地址
https://github.com/apache/dubbo

二、环境准备

1、下载并安装zookeeper

dubbo需要一个注册中心,dubbo的服务提供方和消费方都需要在注册中心注册。dubbo的注册中心可以选择redis、zookeeper等等,本示例使用zookeeper作为dubbo的注册中心。

实验室环境安装单机zookeeper即可。

zookeeper的下载及安装参照我的另一篇博文:https://blog.csdn.net/mazhongjia/article/details/105013970

这里提醒:zookeeper启动后,请勿关闭!

本示例使用zk版本为zookeeper-3.4.13

2、建立项目工程

2.1 项目最终结构

父工程maven座标:

包括子模块如下:

2.2 项目搭建

1、IDEA新建父工程

本项目为maven管理的普通java工程

2、定义父工程座标

3、定义父工程名、路径

4、配置父工程dubbo-first的pom.xml文件

需要说明的是:排除dubbo中spring的依赖,统一管理spring版本,暂不清楚为什么要自己控制spring版本,这样自己组合肯定没有dubbo自己依赖的好啊,希望有读者评论留言帮忙解答~~~  暂时认为原因是dubbo2.5.3依赖的spring版本为2.5.X,太低了,项目想使用其他spring功能,但又不需要dubbo版本太新。。。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mzj.dubbo</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo-first</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <name>dubbo-first</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

        <dubbo.version>2.5.3</dubbo.version>
        <spring.version>4.3.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            <!--排除dubbo中spring的依赖,统一管理spring版本,如果使用dubbo版本自己依赖的spring,dubbo2.6.5依赖的spring版本是4.3.16,暂不清楚为什么要自己控制spring版本,这样自己组合肯定没有dubbo自己依赖的好啊-->
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.11</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.22.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.7.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.0</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
    <modules>
        <module>dubbo-api</module>
        <module>dubbo-consumer</module>
        <module>dubbo-provider</module>
    </modules>
</project>

父工程pom.xml中定义项目组成的模块:

<module>dubbo-api</module>
<module>dubbo-consumer</module>
<module>dubbo-provider</module>

模块职责:

  • dubbo-api:定义服务接口(注意服务提供方和消费方都需要依赖这个项目)
  • dubbo-consumer:服务消费者
  • dubbo-provider:服务提供者

5、在IDE中(我使用的IDEA)建立好上面三个模块并设置三个模块的:

  • pom.xml
    • demo-api模块
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mzj</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-first</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>demo-api</artifactId>
</project>
  • dubbo-provider父亲为dubbo-first依赖dubbo-api
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mzj.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-first</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mzj.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
</project>
  • dubbo-comsumer父亲为dubbo-first也依赖dubbo-api
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mzj.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dubbo-first</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mzj.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
</project>
  • 手工创建src/main/java、src/test/java、src/main/resources、src/test/resources并在IDE中设置
  • 因为我们使用父工程统一设置项目依赖,并不会将源码放入父工程,因此删除父工程src目录
  • 最终整理完工程效果如下:

2.3 在dubbo-api中定义服务接口

注意dubbo-api的命名不是很好,推荐定义服务接口不要携带服务实现(这里的定义携带了dubbod实现)

package com.mzj.service.first;

public interface DemoService {
    String sayHello(String name);
}

注意这里定义的服务接口内容没有与服务实现耦合在一起,没有被服务实现侵入。

2.4 在dubbo-provider中实现服务提供方

  • 项目结构

  • 实现服务接口
package com.mzj.service.first;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("demoService")
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{

    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        return name;
    }
}
  • 在dubbo配置文件声明暴露服务

     ​​​​​​dubbo-provider.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--        声明暴露服务:-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
	http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!-- 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 -->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbo_provider"  />

    <!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" />

    <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />

    <!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 -->
    <dubbo:service interface="com.mzj.service.first.DemoService" ref="demoService" />
</beans>
  • 在spring配置文件中扫描service注解并将dubbo-provider.xml中的相关的dubbo配置引入进来

   applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--在spring配置文件中扫描service注解并将dubbo-provider.xml中的相关的dubbo配置引入进来-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"
       default-autowire="byName">

    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mzj.service.first" />
    <import resource="classpath:dubbo-provider.xml" />
</beans>
  • 加载Spring配置,启动服务:
package com.mzj.service.first;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:springmvc.xml");
        context.start();

        System.out.println("Dubbo provider start...");

        try {
            System.in.read();	// 此处目的是不让进程立即退出,按任意键退出
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

结果如下:

Dubbo provider start...

2.5 在dubbo-comsumer中实现服务消费者

  • 项目结构:
  • 在dubbo配置文件声明要消费的服务

       ​​​​​​dubbo-comsumer.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--        在dubbo-consumer.xml中声明所所需要消费的服务-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
        http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd ">
    <!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 -->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbo_consumer" />
    <!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露发现服务地址 -->
    <dubbo:registry  protocol="zookeeper" address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" />
    <!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以和本地bean一样使用demoService -->
    <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="com.mzj.service.first.DemoService" />
</beans>
  • 在spring配置文件中扫描service注解并将dubbo-consumer.xml中的相关的dubbo配置引入进来

     applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--        在springmvc.xml中扫描service注解并将dubbo-consumer.xml中的相关的dubbo配置引入进来-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"
       default-autowire="byName">

    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mzj.service.first"/>
    <import resource="classpath:/dubbo-consumer.xml"/>
</beans>
  • 加载Spring配置,调用服务:
package com.mzj.service.first;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" });

        context.start();
        DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService");

        System.out.println(demoService.sayHello("哈哈哈"));
        try {
            System.in.read();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

​​​​​​​执行结果:

哈哈哈

3、通过dubbo-admin管理后台可以看到服务的提供方与消费方

具体搭建可参考我的另一篇博客:XXXX

發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章