轉自:LichKing24
Apache Bench,是 Apache 自帶的壓力測試工具。a可以對服務器進行訪問壓力測試。
系統安裝 Apache Server,自帶 ab 命令。
1. 概念
- 吞吐率:服務器併發處理能力的量化描述,單位是reqs/s,指的是某個併發用戶數下單位時間內處理的請求數。某個併發用戶數下單位時間內能處理的最大請求數,稱之爲最大吞吐率。
- 併發連接數:某一時刻服務器所接受的請求數(會話數)。
- 併發用戶數:某一時刻服務器所接受的連接數,一個用戶可能同時產生多個連接。
- 用戶平均請求等待時間:總請求數 / 併發用戶數。
- 服務器平均請求等待時間:處理完成所有請求數所花費的時間 / 總請求數。
2. 命令
➜ ~ ab
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
# 本次測試所發的總請求數
-n requests Number of requests to perform
#
-c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make at a time
-t timelimit Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
This implies -n 50000
-s timeout Seconds to max. wait for each response
Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
-B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
-w Print out results in HTML tables
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
-r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-m method Method name(POST,GET用大寫)
-h Display usage information (this message)
-I Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
-Z ciphersuite Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
-f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol
(TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
3. 測試示例
3.1 基礎訪問測試
ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://cms.test.com/
測試結果如下
Server Software:
Server Hostname: cms.kaleidoapp.cn
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 2746 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
Time taken for tests: 8.352 seconds
Complete requests: 1000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 2981000 bytes
HTML transferred: 2746000 bytes
Requests per second: 119.74 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 83.517 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 8.352 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 348.57 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 29 39 11.2 37 173
Processing: 33 43 12.0 42 190
Waiting: 32 43 12.0 41 189
Total: 62 82 17.8 79 226
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 79
66% 84
75% 89
80% 90
90% 93
95% 96
98% 135
99% 197
100% 226 (longest request)
結果可以看出:
- 吞吐率:119.74
- 整個測試持續的時間:8.352s
- 完成的請求數:1000
- 失敗的請求數:0
- 總的網絡傳輸量:2981000 bytes
- HTML內容傳輸量:2746000 bytes
- 用戶平均請求等待時間:83.517 ms
- 服務器平均請求處理時間:8.352 ms
- 平均每秒網絡上的流量:348.57 kb
網絡消耗時間分解
展示最小、平均、方差、中位值、最大值。
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 29 39 11.2 37 173
Processing: 33 43 12.0 42 190
Waiting: 32 43 12.0 41 189
Total: 62 82 17.8 79 226
請求處理時間分佈
可以看出,95% 的請求用時在 95ms 以內,最長請求時間爲 226ms。
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 79
66% 84
75% 89
80% 90
90% 93
95% 96
98% 135
99% 197
100% 226 (longest request)
3.2 接口請求
ab -n 1000 -c 10 -p 'list.json' -T 'application/json' -H 'Authorization: token' -s 10 http://api.test.com/app/v1/list
說明:
-p 代表的是入參的 json 文件,或是 text 的鍵值對
-T 代表 contentType
-H 代表的是 http header 信息
-s 代表的是超時時間,單位是秒,默認是 30s