ZooKeeper的僞分佈式集羣搭建以和真分佈式集羣搭建

介紹：本文轉載自https://blog.51cto.com/zero01/2107174

zk集羣的一些基本概念

zookeeper集羣搭建：

zk集羣，主從節點，心跳機制（選舉模式）
配置數據文件 myid 1/2/3 對應 server.1/2/3
通過 zkCli.sh -server [ip]:[port] 命令檢測集羣是否配置成功

和其他大多數集羣結構一樣，zookeeper集羣也是主從結構。搭建集羣時，機器數量最低也是三臺，因爲小於三臺就無法進行選舉。選舉就是當集羣中的master節點掛掉之後，剩餘的兩臺機器會進行選舉，在這兩臺機器中選舉出一臺來做master節點。而當原本掛掉的master恢復正常後，也會重新加入集羣當中。但是不會再作爲master節點，而是作爲slave節點。如下：

單機僞分佈式搭建zookeeper集羣

本節介紹單機僞分佈式的zookeeper安裝，官方下載地址如下：

https://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/

我這裏使用的是3.4.11版本，所以找到相應的版本點擊進去，複製到.tar.gz的下載鏈接到Linux上進行下載。命令如下：

[root@study-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.11/zookeeper-3.4.11.tar.gz

下載完成之後將其解壓到/usr/local/目錄下：

[root@study-01 /usr/local/src]# tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.11.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/src]# cd ../zookeeper-3.4.11/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.11]# ls
bin        dist-maven       lib          README_packaging.txt  zookeeper-3.4.11.jar.asc
build.xml  docs             LICENSE.txt  recipes               zookeeper-3.4.11.jar.md5
conf       ivysettings.xml  NOTICE.txt   src                   zookeeper-3.4.11.jar.sha1
contrib    ivy.xml          README.md    zookeeper-3.4.11.jar
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.11]#

然後給目錄重命名一下：

[root@study-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@study-01 /usr/local]# mv zookeeper-3.4.11/ zookeeper00

接着進行一系列的配置：

[root@study-01 /usr/local]# cd zookeeper00/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00]# cd conf/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00/conf]# cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg  # 拷貝官方提供的模板配置文件
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00/conf]# vim zoo.cfg  # 增加或修改成如下內容
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/usr/local/zookeeper00/dataDir
dataLogDir=/usr/local/zookeeper00/dataLogDir
clientPort=2181
4lw.commands.whitelist=*
server.1=192.168.190.129:2888:3888  # master節點，ip後面跟的是集羣通信的端口
server.2=192.168.190.129:2889:3889
server.3=192.168.190.129:2890:3890
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00/conf]# cd ../
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00]# mkdir {dataDir,dataLogDir}
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00]# cd dataDir/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00/dataDir]# vim myid  # 配置該節點的id
1
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00/dataDir]#

配置完之後，拷貝多個目錄出來，因爲是單機的僞分佈式所以需要在一臺機器上安裝多個zookeeper：

[root@study-01 /usr/local]# cp zookeeper00 zookeeper01 -rf
[root@study-01 /usr/local]# cp zookeeper00 zookeeper02 -rf

配置 zookeeper01：

[root@study-01 /usr/local]# cd zookeeper01/conf/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper01/conf]# vim zoo.cfg  # 修改內容如下
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/usr/local/zookeeper01/dataDir
dataLogDir=/usr/local/zookeeper01/dataLogDir
clientPort=2182  # 端口號必須要修改
4lw.commands.whitelist=* #這個可以不用配置
server.1=192.168.190.129:2888:3888
server.2=192.168.190.129:2889:3889
server.3=192.168.190.129:2890:3890
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper01/conf]# cd ../dataDir/ #這個對應配置的dataDir路徑未知
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper01/dataDir]# vim myid
2
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper01/dataDir]#

配置 zookeeper02：

[root@study-01 /usr/local]# cd zookeeper02/conf/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/conf]# vim zoo.cfg
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/usr/local/zookeeper02/dataDir
dataLogDir=/usr/local/zookeeper02/dataLogDir
clientPort=2183  # 端口號必須要修改
4lw.commands.whitelist=*
server.1=192.168.190.129:2888:3888
server.2=192.168.190.129:2889:3889
server.3=192.168.190.129:2890:3890
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/conf]# cd ../dataDir/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/dataDir]# vim myid
3
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/dataDir]#

以上就在單機上配置好三個zookeeper集羣節點了，現在我們來測試一下，這個僞分佈式的zookeeper集羣能否正常運作起來：

[root@study-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/zookeeper00/bin/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00/bin]# ./zkServer.sh start  # 啓動第一個節點
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper00/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00/bin]# netstat -lntp |grep java  # 查看監聽的端口
tcp6       0      0 192.168.190.129:3888    :::*                    LISTEN      3191/java  # 集羣通信的端口
tcp6       0      0 :::44793                :::*                    LISTEN      3191/java
tcp6       0      0 :::2181                 :::*                    LISTEN      3191/java 
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper00/bin]# cd ../../zookeeper01/bin/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper01/bin]# ./zkServer.sh start
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper01/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg  # 啓動第二個節點
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper01/bin]# cd ../../zookeeper02/bin/
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin]# ./zkServer.sh start  # 啓動第三個節點
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin]# netstat -lntp |grep java   # 查看監聽的端口
tcp6       0      0 192.168.190.129:2889    :::*                    LISTEN      3232/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::48463                :::*                    LISTEN      3232/java           
tcp6       0      0 192.168.190.129:3888    :::*                    LISTEN      3191/java           
tcp6       0      0 192.168.190.129:3889    :::*                    LISTEN      3232/java           
tcp6       0      0 192.168.190.129:3890    :::*                    LISTEN      3286/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::44793                :::*                    LISTEN      3191/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::60356                :::*                    LISTEN      3286/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::2181                 :::*                    LISTEN      3191/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::2182                 :::*                    LISTEN      3232/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::2183                 :::*                    LISTEN      3286/java           
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin]# jps  # 查看進程
3232 QuorumPeerMain
3286 QuorumPeerMain
3191 QuorumPeerMain
3497 Jps
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin]#

如上，可以看到，三個節點都正常啓動成功了，接下來我們進入客戶端，創建一些znode，看看是否會同步到集羣中的其他節點上去：

[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin]# ./zkCli.sh -server localhost:2181  # 登錄第一個節點的客戶端
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] create /data test-data
Created /data
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] ls /
[zookeeper, data]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] quit
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin]# ./zkCli.sh -server localhost:2182  # 登錄第二個節點的客戶端
[zk: localhost:2182(CONNECTED) 0] ls /  # 可以查看到我們在第一個節點上創建的znode，代表集羣中的節點能夠正常同步數據
[zookeeper, data]
[zk: localhost:2182(CONNECTED) 1] get /data  # 數據也是一致的
test-data
cZxid = 0x100000002
ctime = Tue Apr 24 18:35:56 CST 2018
mZxid = 0x100000002
mtime = Tue Apr 24 18:35:56 CST 2018
pZxid = 0x100000002
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 9
numChildren = 0
[zk: localhost:2182(CONNECTED) 2] quit
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin]# ./zkCli.sh -server localhost:2183  # 登錄第三個節點的客戶端
[zk: localhost:2183(CONNECTED) 0] ls /  # 第三個節點也能查看到我們在第一個節點上創建的znode
[zookeeper, data]
[zk: localhost:2183(CONNECTED) 1] get /data  # 數據也是一致的
test-data
cZxid = 0x100000002
ctime = Tue Apr 24 18:35:56 CST 2018
mZxid = 0x100000002
mtime = Tue Apr 24 18:35:56 CST 2018
pZxid = 0x100000002
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 9
numChildren = 0
[zk: localhost:2183(CONNECTED) 2] quit
[root@study-01 /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin]#

查看集羣的狀態、主從信息需要使用 ./zkServer.sh status 命令，但是多個節點的話，逐個查看有些費勁，所以我們寫一個簡單的shell腳本來批量執行命令。如下：

[root@study-01 ~]# vim checked.sh  # 腳本內容如下
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/zookeeper00/bin/zkServer.sh status
/usr/local/zookeeper01/bin/zkServer.sh status
/usr/local/zookeeper02/bin/zkServer.sh status
[root@study-01 ~]# sh ./checked.sh  # 執行腳本
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper00/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower  # 從節點
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper01/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader   # 主節點
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper02/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
[root@study-01 ~]#

到此爲止，我們就成功完成了單機zookeeper僞分佈式集羣的搭建，並且也測試成功了。

搭建zookeeper分佈式集羣

接下來，我們使用三臺虛擬機來搭建zookeeper真實分佈式集羣，機器的ip地址如下：

192.168.190.128
192.168.190.129
192.168.190.130

注：三臺機器都必須具備java的運行環境，並且關閉或清空防火牆規則，不想關閉防火牆的話，就需要去配置相應的防火牆規則

首先配置一下系統的hosts文件：

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.190.128 zk000
192.168.190.129 zk001
192.168.190.130 zk002

把之前做僞分佈式實驗機器上的其他zookeeper目錄刪除掉，並把zookeeper目錄使用rsync同步到其他機器上。如下：

[root@zk001 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@zk001 /usr/local]# rm -rf zookeeper01
[root@zk001 /usr/local]# rm -rf zookeeper02
[root@zk001 /usr/local]# mv zookeeper00/ zookeeper
[root@zk001 /usr/local]# rsync -av /usr/local/zookeeper/ 192.168.190.128:/usr/local/zookeeper/
[root@zk001 /usr/local]# rsync -av /usr/local/zookeeper/ 192.168.190.130:/usr/local/zookeeper/

然後逐個在三臺機器上都配置一下環境變量，如下：

[root@zk001 ~]# vim .bash_profile  # 增加如下內容
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/usr/local/zookeeper
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin
export PATH
[root@zk001 ~]# source .bash_profile

逐個修改配置文件，zk000：

[root@zk000 ~]# cd /usr/local/zookeeper/conf/
[root@zk000 /usr/local/zookeeper/conf]# vim zoo.cfg 
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir
dataLogDir=/usr/local/zookeeper/dataLogDir
clientPort=2181
4lw.commands.whitelist=*
server.1=192.168.190.128:2888:3888  # 默認server.1爲master節點
server.2=192.168.190.129:2888:3888
server.3=192.168.190.130:2888:3888
[root@zk000 /usr/local/zookeeper/conf]# cd ../dataDir/
[root@zk000 /usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir]# vim myid 
1
[root@zk000 /usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir]#

zk001：

[root@zk001 ~]# cd /usr/local/zookeeper/conf/
[root@zk001 /usr/local/zookeeper/conf]# vim zoo.cfg 
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir
dataLogDir=/usr/local/zookeeper/dataLogDir
clientPort=2181
4lw.commands.whitelist=*
server.1=192.168.190.128:2888:3888  # 默認server.1爲master節點
server.2=192.168.190.129:2888:3888
server.3=192.168.190.130:2888:3888
[root@zk001 /usr/local/zookeeper/conf]# cd ../dataDir/
[root@zk001 /usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir]# vim myid 
2
[root@zk001 /usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir]#

zk002：

[root@zk002 ~]# cd /usr/local/zookeeper/conf/
[root@zk002 /usr/local/zookeeper/conf]# vim zoo.cfg 
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir
dataLogDir=/usr/local/zookeeper/dataLogDir
clientPort=2181
4lw.commands.whitelist=*
server.1=192.168.190.128:2888:3888  # 默認server.1爲master節點
server.2=192.168.190.129:2888:3888
server.3=192.168.190.130:2888:3888
[root@zk002 /usr/local/zookeeper/conf]# cd ../dataDir/
[root@zk002 /usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir]# vim myid 
3
[root@zk002 /usr/local/zookeeper/dataDir]#

配置完成之後，啓動三臺機器的zookeeper服務：

[root@zk000 ~]# zkServer.sh start
[root@zk001 ~]# zkServer.sh start
[root@zk002 ~]# zkServer.sh start

啓動成功後，查看三個機器的集羣狀態信息：

[root@zk000 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader
[root@zk000 ~]#
[root@zk001 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
[root@zk001 ~]# 
[root@zk002 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
[root@zk002 ~]#

然後我們來測試創建znode是否會同步，進入192.168.190.128機器的客戶端：

[root@zk000 ~]# zkCli.sh -server 192.168.190.128:2181
[zk: 192.168.190.128:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper, data]
[zk: 192.168.190.128:2181(CONNECTED) 1] create /real-culster real-data
Created /real-culster
[zk: 192.168.190.128:2181(CONNECTED) 2] ls /
[zookeeper, data, real-culster]
[zk: 192.168.190.128:2181(CONNECTED) 3] get /real-culster
real-data
cZxid = 0x300000002
ctime = Tue Apr 24 20:48:32 CST 2018
mZxid = 0x300000002
mtime = Tue Apr 24 20:48:32 CST 2018
pZxid = 0x300000002
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 9
numChildren = 0
[zk: 192.168.190.128:2181(CONNECTED) 4] quit

進入192.168.190.129機器的客戶端

[root@zk000 ~]# zkCli.sh -server 192.168.190.129:2181
[zk: 192.168.190.129:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper, data, real-culster]
[zk: 192.168.190.129:2181(CONNECTED) 1] get /real-culster
real-data
cZxid = 0x300000002
ctime = Tue Apr 24 20:48:32 CST 2018
mZxid = 0x300000002
mtime = Tue Apr 24 20:48:32 CST 2018
pZxid = 0x300000002
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 9
numChildren = 0
[zk: 192.168.190.129:2181(CONNECTED) 2] quit

進入192.168.190.130機器的客戶端

[root@zk000 ~]# zkCli.sh -server 192.168.190.130:2181
[zk: 192.168.190.130:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper, data, real-culster]
[zk: 192.168.190.130:2181(CONNECTED) 1] get /real-culster
real-data
cZxid = 0x300000002
ctime = Tue Apr 24 20:48:32 CST 2018
mZxid = 0x300000002
mtime = Tue Apr 24 20:48:32 CST 2018
pZxid = 0x300000002
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 9
numChildren = 0
[zk: 192.168.190.130:2181(CONNECTED) 2] quit

從以上的測試可以看到，在zookeeper分佈式集羣中，我們在任意一個節點創建的znode都會被同步的集羣中的其他節點上，數據也會被一併同步。所以到此爲止，我們的zookeeper分佈式集羣就搭建成功了。

測試集羣角色以及選舉

以上我們只是測試了znode的同步，還沒有測試集羣中的節點選舉，所以本節就來測試一下，當master節點掛掉之後看看slave節點會不會通過選舉坐上master的位置。首先我們來把master節點的zookeeper服務給停掉：

[root@zk001 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader
[root@zk001 ~]# zkServer.sh stop
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Stopping zookeeper ... STOPPED
[root@zk001 ~]#

這時到其他兩臺機器上進行查看，可以看到有一臺已經成爲master節點了：

[root@zk002 ~]# zkServer.sh status  # 可以看到zk002這個節點成爲了master節點
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader
[root@zk002 ~]# 
[root@zk000 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
[root@zk000 ~]#

然後再把停掉的節點啓動起來，可以看到，該節點重新加入了集羣，但是此時是以slave角色存在，而不會以master角色存在：

[root@zk001 ~]# zkServer.sh start
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED
[root@zk001 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
[root@zk001 ~]#

可以看到，zk002這個節點依舊是master角色，不會被取代，所以只有在選舉的時候集羣中的節點纔會切換角色：

[root@zk002 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader
[root@zk002 ~]#

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