Quartz在分佈式集羣環境下的應用（Spring、SpringBoot）

1. 簡單定時任務Scheduled

適用場景：單機

SpringBoot下需要在啓動類上加註解@EnableScheduling，啓用Schedule定時任務

@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 1 * * ?")
public void schedule1 () {
    logger.info("=== 定時任務1 ===")
}

2.分佈式定時任務Quartz

適用場景：分佈式集羣，同一時間只會有一臺機器執行定時任務

quartz的優點：
1.我們可以實現多個定時任務進行調度。

2.可以實現與代碼的解耦，通過配置文件的方式進行配置。

3.功能強大，可以通過cron表達式設置複雜的時間任務調度。

quartz核心點：
1.job:（被任務調度的接口），我們需要實現job，和繼承TimerTask重寫run方法一樣，重寫job中的excute方法，excute方法是任務調度的方法執行位置。

2.JobDetail：必須通過JobDetail來實現Job實例，(基於builder模式實現的)

3.trigger（包括：CronTrigger 和simpleTrigger）：指定任務調度的頻率時間。何時進行任務調度(基於builder模式實現的)觸發器

4.scheduler：結合jobdetail 實例和trigger實例，進行調度的觸發的調度器（基於factory模式）。

Quartz 中集羣如何工作
一個 Quartz 集羣中的每個節點是一個獨立的 Quartz 應用，它又管理着其他的節點。意思是你必須對每個節點分別啓動或停止。不像許多應用服務器的集羣，獨立的 Quartz 節點並不與另一其的節點或是管理節點通信。Quartz 應用是通過數據庫表來感知到另一應用的。離開了db將無法感知.

導入數據庫：

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_blob_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_blob_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_blob_triggers` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `BLOB_DATA` blob,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
  KEY `SCHED_NAME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
  CONSTRAINT `qrtz_blob_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_triggers` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_calendars
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_calendars`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_calendars` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `CALENDAR_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `CALENDAR` blob NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`CALENDAR_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_cron_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_cron_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_cron_triggers` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `CRON_EXPRESSION` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `TIME_ZONE_ID` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
  CONSTRAINT `qrtz_cron_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_triggers` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_fired_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_fired_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_fired_triggers` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `ENTRY_ID` varchar(95) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `INSTANCE_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `FIRED_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
  `SCHED_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
  `PRIORITY` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `STATE` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
  `JOB_NAME` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `IS_NONCONCURRENT` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `REQUESTS_RECOVERY` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`ENTRY_ID`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_TRIG_INST_NAME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_INST_JOB_REQ_RCVRY` (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`,`REQUESTS_RECOVERY`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_J_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_JG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_T_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_TG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_job_details
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_job_details`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_job_details` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `JOB_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `DESCRIPTION` varchar(250) DEFAULT NULL,
  `JOB_CLASS_NAME` varchar(250) NOT NULL,
  `IS_DURABLE` varchar(1) NOT NULL,
  `IS_NONCONCURRENT` varchar(1) NOT NULL,
  `IS_UPDATE_DATA` varchar(1) NOT NULL,
  `REQUESTS_RECOVERY` varchar(1) NOT NULL,
  `JOB_DATA` blob,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_J_REQ_RECOVERY` (`SCHED_NAME`,`REQUESTS_RECOVERY`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_J_GRP` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_locks
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_locks`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_locks` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `LOCK_NAME` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`LOCK_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_paused_trigger_grps
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_paused_trigger_grps`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_paused_trigger_grps` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_scheduler_state
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_scheduler_state`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_scheduler_state` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `INSTANCE_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `LAST_CHECKIN_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
  `CHECKIN_INTERVAL` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_simple_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_simple_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_simple_triggers` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `REPEAT_COUNT` bigint(7) NOT NULL,
  `REPEAT_INTERVAL` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
  `TIMES_TRIGGERED` bigint(10) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
  CONSTRAINT `qrtz_simple_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_triggers` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_simprop_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_simprop_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_simprop_triggers` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `STR_PROP_1` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
  `STR_PROP_2` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
  `STR_PROP_3` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
  `INT_PROP_1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `INT_PROP_2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `LONG_PROP_1` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `LONG_PROP_2` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `DEC_PROP_1` decimal(13,4) DEFAULT NULL,
  `DEC_PROP_2` decimal(13,4) DEFAULT NULL,
  `BOOL_PROP_1` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `BOOL_PROP_2` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
  CONSTRAINT `qrtz_simprop_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_triggers` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_triggers` (
  `SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `JOB_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `DESCRIPTION` varchar(250) DEFAULT NULL,
  `NEXT_FIRE_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,
  `PREV_FIRE_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,
  `PRIORITY` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_STATE` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
  `TRIGGER_TYPE` varchar(8) NOT NULL,
  `START_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
  `END_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,
  `CALENDAR_NAME` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `MISFIRE_INSTR` smallint(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `JOB_DATA` blob,
  PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_J` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_JG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_C` (`SCHED_NAME`,`CALENDAR_NAME`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_N_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_N_G_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NEXT_FIRE_TIME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_MISFIRE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
  KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE_GRP` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
  CONSTRAINT `qrtz_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `JOB_NAME`, `JOB_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_job_details` (`SCHED_NAME`, `JOB_NAME`, `JOB_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

1）Spring + Quartz

① 引入Quartz依賴

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
      <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

② quartz.properties 配置文件

#調度器實例名稱
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = quartzScheduler

#調度器實例編號自動生成
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO

#持久化方式配置
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX

#持久化方式配置數據驅動，MySQL數據庫
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate

#quartz相關數據表前綴名
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_

#開啓分佈式部署
org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true
#配置是否使用
org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties = true

#分佈式節點有效性檢查時間間隔，單位：毫秒
org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval = 20000

#線程池實現類
org.quartz.threadPool.class = org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool

#執行最大併發線程數量
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 10

#線程優先級
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = 5

#配置爲守護線程，設置後任務將不會執行
#org.quartz.threadPool.makeThreadsDaemons=true

#配置是否啓動自動加載數據庫內的定時任務，默認true
org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread = true

③  定時任務

@PersistJobDataAfterExecution
@DisallowConcurrentExecution
@Component
public class MyTask extends QuartzJobBean {
    private final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MyTask.class);
  
    @Override
	protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {

    	log.info("=== 執行定時任務 ===");
	}
}

④ spring-quartz.xml 配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">

    <!-- 創建調度器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean" id="quartzScheduler" destroy-method="destroy">
        <!-- 每臺集羣機器部署應用的時候會更新觸發器 -->
        <property name="overwriteExistingJobs" value="true" />
        <property name="startupDelay" value="2" />
        <property name="autoStartup" value="true" />
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:/quartz.properties"/>
        
        <property name="triggers">
            <list>
                <ref bean="myTask1Trigger"/>
                <!-- 啓動時就需要啓動 -->
                <ref bean="myTask1_simpleTrigger"/>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
       
    <!-- 定時任務 -->
    <bean id="myTask1" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
        <property name="jobClass">
        	<value>com.cn.MyTask1</value>
        </property>
        <property name="requestsRecovery" value="true"></property>  
    	<property name="durability" value="true" />  
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="myTask1Trigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
        <property name="jobDetail" ref="myTask1"/>
        <property name="cronExpression" value="0 * * * * ?"/> <!-- 每分鐘執行一次 -->
    </bean>
    
    
    
 	<!-- 配置項目啓動後任務就執行一次 -->  
    <bean id="myTask1_simpleTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">  
        <property name="jobDetail" ref="myTask1" />  
        <property name="startDelay" value="500" />  
        <property name="repeatInterval" value="0" />  
        <property name="repeatCount" value="0" />  
    </bean>  
    
</beans>

2）SpringBoot + Quartz

① 引入依賴

<dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId>
</dependency>

② application.yml 增加 quartz 配置

spring:
  quartz:
    #相關屬性配置
    properties:
      org:
        quartz:
          scheduler:
            instanceName: clusteredScheduler
            instanceId: AUTO
          jobStore:
            class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
            driverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
            tablePrefix: QRTZ_
            isClustered: true
            clusterCheckinInterval: 10000
            useProperties: false
          threadPool:
            class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
            threadCount: 10
            threadPriority: 5
            threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true
    #數據庫方式
    job-store-type: jdbc
    #初始化表結構
    jdbc:
      initialize-schema: always

③ 定時任務

public class CouponTimeOutJob extends QuartzJobBean {
 
    @Override
    protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
        //這裏寫業務代碼
        System.out.println("定時任務執行了..........");
    }
 
}

④ 定時任務配置類

@Configuration
public class QuartzConfiguration {
	// 使用jobDetail包裝job
    @Bean
    public JobDetail myCronJobDetail() {
        return JobBuilder.newJob(CouponTimeOutJob.class).withIdentity("couponTimeOutJob").storeDurably().build();
    }
 
	// 把jobDetail註冊到Cron表達式的trigger上去
    @Bean
    public Trigger CronJobTrigger() {
        CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 0 0 */1 * ?");
 
        return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .forJob(myCronJobDetail())
                .withIdentity("CouponTimeOutJobTrigger")
                .withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder)
                .build();
    }
}

cron表達式：
一個cron表達式有至少6個（也可能7個）有空格分隔的時間元素。
按順序依次爲 
1. 秒（0~59） 
2. 分鐘（0~59）
3. 小時（0~23）
4. 天（月）（0~31，但是你需要考慮你月的天數）
5. 月（0~11）
6. 天（星期）（1~7 1=SUN 或 SUN，MON，TUE，WED，THU，FRI，SAT）
7. 年份（1970－2099）

"0 15 10 * * ? *" 每天上午10:15觸發