rpm包管理工具(查詢 安裝 升級 卸載)
1、實驗目的:
RPM Package Manager管理工具它是用Red Hat 公司提出的,被衆多linux發行版採用。
建立統一的數據庫文件,詳細記錄軟件包的安裝、卸載等變化信心。能夠自動分析軟件包依賴關係。
2、實驗環境:
Centos、xftp、crt
3、實驗步驟:
(1)掛載工具光盤:([root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt )
(2)查詢bash: ([root@localhost opt]# rpm -q bash)
(3)查詢bash安裝的所有文件列表:([root@localhost opt]# rpm -qa |grep bash)
(4)查詢postfix文件列表:([root@localhost opt]# rpm -ql postfix)
(5)查詢文件或目錄屬於哪個RPM軟件:
(6)查看ethtool軟件掛載信息及詳細信息:
([root@localhost Packages]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# df -Th )
([root@localhost mnt]# cd Packages/
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qpi ethtool-4.8-9.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(7)安裝後的文件列表:
([root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qpl ethtool-4.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(8)安裝rpm軟件:
(root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/lynx-2.8.8-0.3.dev15.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(9)卸載RPM軟件、維護RPM數據庫:
([root@localhost Packages]# rpm -e lynx )
(rpm --rebuilddb rpm --initdb)
(10)掌握從源碼包編譯安裝程序 (編譯安裝)
(11)上傳HTTP服務及上傳其依賴包:
([root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/apr-devel-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/expat-devel-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/libdb-devel-5.3.21-24.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/cyrus-sasl-devel-2.1.26-23.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/openldap-devel-2.4.44-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(12)安裝Httpd文件、上傳http-2.4.25.tar.gz軟件包到/opt目錄下:
(13)刪除194行的#鍵:
(13)啓動apache服務
([root@localhost bin]# ./apachectl start)
(15)安裝客戶端瀏覽器:
( [root@localhost bin]#rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/lynx-2.8.8-0.3.dev15.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(16)加載客戶端瀏覽工具:
([root@localhost bin]# lynx 127.0.0.1)
4、實驗驗證:
*如果虛擬機上可以但瀏覽器上不能實現,請輸入:systemctl stop firewalld.service
實驗準備:
(1)將三個安裝包加到虛擬機上,apr-1.7.0.tar.gz(定義規範接口庫)、apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz(工具包)、httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz(源碼、環境包)
(2)分別解壓這三個安裝包到*/opt*目錄下 [root@localhost opt]#tar xzvf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]#tar xzvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]#tar xzvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
(3)將apr的兩個包放到httpd包裏面: [root@localhost opt]#cp -R apr-1.7.0 httpd-2.4.25/srclib/apr
[root@localhost opt]#cp -R apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.25/srclib/apr-util
(4)安裝編譯工具: [root@localhost opt]#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel
實驗過程:
(1)配置httpd的相關性質: [root@localhost opt]#cd httpd-2.4.25/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# ./configure \
>--prefix=/usr/local/apache \ ###########配置安裝路徑
>--enable-so \
>--enable-rewrite \ #####防盜鏈
>--enable-mods-shared=most \
>--with-mpm=worker \
>--disable-cgid \
>--disable-cgi ########到了這裏直接按“enter”
(2)編譯以及編譯安裝: [root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]#make
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]#make install
(3)配置啓動文件 [root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]#grep -v "#" apachectl >/etc/init.d/httpd ##########生成啓動腳本便於service管理
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# /etc/init.d
[root@localhost init.d]#ll ###########查看httpd沒有執行權限x
[root@localhost init.d]#chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd ###########給httpd執行權限
[root@localhost init.d]#vim /etc/init.d/httpd ############打開httpd的配置文件進行修改部分內容
#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig:2345 85 15
#description:Apache is a World Wide Web server.
(4)httpd服務開啓: [root@localhost init.d]#chconfig --add httpd
[root@localhost init.d]#chconfig --list httpd
[root@localhost init.d]#chconfig --level 35 httpd on
(5)編輯配置文件: [root@localhost init.d]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd.conf
[root@localhost init.d]#vim /etc/httpd.conf
修改:1、#Listen 12.34.56.78 :80 >Listen 192.168.46.20 :80
Lieten 80 ipv6 >#Listen 80
2、ServerName www.example.com:80 >ServerName www.yun.com:80
(6)開啓httpd服務: [root@localhost init.d]#service httpd start
[root@localhost init.d]#netstat -ntap | grep 80 #####查看服務端口等相關信息
(7)在瀏覽器上輸入“虛擬機的IP地址”檢查,顯示“it works”既是安裝成功!!!!