rpm包管理工具(查询 安装 升级 卸载)
1、实验目的:
RPM Package Manager管理工具它是用Red Hat 公司提出的,被众多linux发行版采用。
建立统一的数据库文件,详细记录软件包的安装、卸载等变化信心。能够自动分析软件包依赖关系。
2、实验环境:
Centos、xftp、crt
3、实验步骤:
(1)挂载工具光盘:([root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt )
(2)查询bash: ([root@localhost opt]# rpm -q bash)
(3)查询bash安装的所有文件列表:([root@localhost opt]# rpm -qa |grep bash)
(4)查询postfix文件列表:([root@localhost opt]# rpm -ql postfix)
(5)查询文件或目录属于哪个RPM软件:
(6)查看ethtool软件挂载信息及详细信息:
([root@localhost Packages]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# df -Th )
([root@localhost mnt]# cd Packages/
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qpi ethtool-4.8-9.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(7)安装后的文件列表:
([root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qpl ethtool-4.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(8)安装rpm软件:
(root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/lynx-2.8.8-0.3.dev15.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(9)卸载RPM软件、维护RPM数据库:
([root@localhost Packages]# rpm -e lynx )
(rpm --rebuilddb rpm --initdb)
(10)掌握从源码包编译安装程序 (编译安装)
(11)上传HTTP服务及上传其依赖包:
([root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/apr-devel-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/expat-devel-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/libdb-devel-5.3.21-24.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/cyrus-sasl-devel-2.1.26-23.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/openldap-devel-2.4.44-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(12)安装Httpd文件、上传http-2.4.25.tar.gz软件包到/opt目录下:
(13)删除194行的#键:
(13)启动apache服务
([root@localhost bin]# ./apachectl start)
(15)安装客户端浏览器:
( [root@localhost bin]#rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/lynx-2.8.8-0.3.dev15.el7.x86_64.rpm )
(16)加载客户端浏览工具:
([root@localhost bin]# lynx 127.0.0.1)
4、实验验证:
*如果虚拟机上可以但浏览器上不能实现,请输入:systemctl stop firewalld.service
实验准备:
(1)将三个安装包加到虚拟机上,apr-1.7.0.tar.gz(定义规范接口库)、apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz(工具包)、httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz(源码、环境包)
(2)分别解压这三个安装包到*/opt*目录下 [root@localhost opt]#tar xzvf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]#tar xzvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]#tar xzvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
(3)将apr的两个包放到httpd包里面: [root@localhost opt]#cp -R apr-1.7.0 httpd-2.4.25/srclib/apr
[root@localhost opt]#cp -R apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.25/srclib/apr-util
(4)安装编译工具: [root@localhost opt]#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel
实验过程:
(1)配置httpd的相关性质: [root@localhost opt]#cd httpd-2.4.25/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# ./configure \
>--prefix=/usr/local/apache \ ###########配置安装路径
>--enable-so \
>--enable-rewrite \ #####防盗链
>--enable-mods-shared=most \
>--with-mpm=worker \
>--disable-cgid \
>--disable-cgi ########到了这里直接按“enter”
(2)编译以及编译安装: [root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]#make
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]#make install
(3)配置启动文件 [root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]#grep -v "#" apachectl >/etc/init.d/httpd ##########生成启动脚本便于service管理
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# /etc/init.d
[root@localhost init.d]#ll ###########查看httpd没有执行权限x
[root@localhost init.d]#chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd ###########给httpd执行权限
[root@localhost init.d]#vim /etc/init.d/httpd ############打开httpd的配置文件进行修改部分内容
#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig:2345 85 15
#description:Apache is a World Wide Web server.
(4)httpd服务开启: [root@localhost init.d]#chconfig --add httpd
[root@localhost init.d]#chconfig --list httpd
[root@localhost init.d]#chconfig --level 35 httpd on
(5)编辑配置文件: [root@localhost init.d]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd.conf
[root@localhost init.d]#vim /etc/httpd.conf
修改:1、#Listen 12.34.56.78 :80 >Listen 192.168.46.20 :80
Lieten 80 ipv6 >#Listen 80
2、ServerName www.example.com:80 >ServerName www.yun.com:80
(6)开启httpd服务: [root@localhost init.d]#service httpd start
[root@localhost init.d]#netstat -ntap | grep 80 #####查看服务端口等相关信息
(7)在浏览器上输入“虚拟机的IP地址”检查,显示“it works”既是安装成功!!!!