職業發展的迷茫與困境:你真的瞭解職級體系嗎?

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"引言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"各大知名互聯網公司都自己的職級體系,現在越來多的公司開始意識到建設職級體系是一件重要的事情,那麼作爲一家公司我們應該怎樣建設自己的職級體系?是直接在網絡上找 Google、Facebook、百度或者阿里的職級體系,稍微修改一下變成公司的職級體系,還是根據公司的情況重新設計一份職級體系?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我覺得這個問題的答案不在問題本身,需要要深入這個問題的本質去尋找答案,那就是職級體系是幹什麼的,它能給公司帶來什麼價值?如果能回答這個問題,那我們對怎麼建設自己公司的職級體系將不再有疑惑了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我們通過伴魚對職級體系這個主題的思考,以及伴魚職級體系的設計理念來回答這個問題。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級體系應該是公司人才觀的事實標準"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所有的公司都宣稱渴望優秀的人才加入,但對優秀人才的標準則很少談起,其實人才的能力模型是多種多樣的,每一個公司對於優秀人才的定義可能都不盡相同,這會導致公司招聘出現問題——招聘到優秀但是不合適的人才;也會容易讓員工出現懷才不遇的困惑——我明明擁有出色的能力,但是在公司好像並沒有被重用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"彷彿是一個悖論,但是其實這是一個信息不透明的問題,解決它的方法也非常簡單,只要公司嚴格定義好人才觀的標準,並且對所有人公佈,保證信息透明即可。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利用職級體系定義公司的人才觀是非常好的方法,因爲職級體系不但定義公司需要什麼樣的人才,還會對每一個職級的勝任力模型進行詳細定義,這樣在招聘的時候,可以按照職級定義去甄選人才;同時公司也告訴了員工的發展方向——依據職級體系下一個級別的勝任力要求去提升自己的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以,職級體系應該是公司人才觀的事實標準和尺子,通過職級體系來丈量人才,找到符合公司人才觀的優秀人才,並且已經加入公司的優秀人才也可以通過職級體系來發現自己需要去提升的方向。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級體系應該爲員工提供明確的勝任標準"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級體系除了定義每一個職級的勝任力模型外,還需要定義每一個職級的考覈關鍵點,讓在當前職級的員工明確知道當前基本的要求和考覈關鍵點,防止員工對自己的定位和公司對員工的定位出現偏差的情況(伴魚鼓勵員工對自己高定位,這裏主要是避免員工對自己的定位比公司對員工的定位低),從標準上徹底解決員工自我定位偏差的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如伴魚對研發 P4 的定義如下:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"勝任要求:主動完成明確的工作"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關鍵點:強調主動性,主動尋求幫助並完成工作"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"勝任力:工程能力(工程能力:指在公司的技術棧、標準、流程 和 協助方式 的框架下完成工作的能力),功能設計能力(功能設計能力:指獨立功能點的設計能力,一個功能點對應產品的一個功能需求)"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣,一個 P4 的員工對自己的工作就會有很明確目標:主動完成明確的工作,並且他也知道在這當前級別主動性是特別被強調的關鍵點,需要自己主動尋求幫助並完成工作。這樣提供了明確的要求與考覈標準,員工知道做怎麼樣做才能做的更好。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級體系應該爲員工培養提供實踐標準"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一個優秀的 Leader 是通過成就他人來獲得團隊產出,一個優秀的公司是通過成就員工來實現它的價值。成就員工最重要的部分是幫助員工成長,但是每一個團隊中,可能各個職級的成員都有,Leader 需要去按每一個人的情況去制定培養方案是一件要求很高的事情,我們認爲「職級體系是公司人才觀的事實標準」,所以通過職級體系,我們就可以很明確對不同職級的成員提供不同的培養方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如伴魚對研發 P5 的定義如下:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"勝任要求:獨立完成項目"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關鍵點:強調獨立性,能獨立完成項目並且對項目的研發結果負責"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"勝任力:工程能力、模塊設計能力(工程能力:指在公司的技術棧、標準、流程 和 協助方式 的框架下完成工作的能力;模塊設計能力:指包含多個相關功能點的完整模塊的設計能力)"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以如果一個職級爲 P4 的成員,他要晉升到 P5 需要鍛鍊勝任力是工程能力和模塊設計能力,關鍵點是能獨立完成項目並且對項目的研發結果負責,那麼 Leader 對他的培養方向是工程能力和模塊設計能力,這樣 Leader 就可以爲他安排一些能鍛鍊工程能力和設計能力的工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然現在很多公司都強調成長是員工自己的事情,但是在伴魚的文化中,成長是員工自己的事情,但是給員工指明方向並且提供機會是 Leader 的責任。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級體系需要根據公司的發展進行調整"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在快速發展的公司裏,公司在每一個階段對人才的需求會有不同的要求,這代表了公司的人才觀是不斷髮展的,由於職級體系是公司人才觀的事實標準,所以職級體系也要配合調整來適應公司的人才觀的變化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過整體來說,公司在發展過程中對人才的需求一般是需要更高級別的人才或者是更細分領域的人才,所以整職級體系的發展方向一般是增加更高等級的職級或者對已經存在的職級增加更細分的勝任力定義,比如 Google 特別爲 Jeff Dean 和 Sanjay Ghemawat 設置了 Google Senior Fellow 的職級,或者有的公司在同一個職級同時提供技術線和管理線體系。所有一般涉及到已存在的職級定義的修改會非常少,並且如果一定需要修改,一定要慎重考慮。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總結"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在前面的討論中,我們回答了職級體系是幹什麼的:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級體系應該是公司人才觀的事實標準,爲招聘提供標準,爲員工指明方向;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級體系應該爲員工提供明確的勝任標準,明確告訴員工在當前的職級下,你的勝任要求是什麼,你應該往哪個方向去努力;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級體系應該爲員工培養提供實踐標準,讓 Leader 可以依據職級系統的要求爲員工指明方向並且提供成長的條件;"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"到這裏,對於應該怎麼建設自己公司的職級體系這個問題應該不需要答案了吧。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一句話來說就是,職級體系是公司人才觀的事實標準,他爲員工提供明確的發展方向和上升通道,讓員工明白我當前的關鍵結果是什麼,下一步應該提升的能力是什麼,讓員工在公司的發展過程中不再困惑與迷茫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你的職業發展曾經或者現在正在困惑與迷茫,那麼你就能理解一份完備的職級體系的價值了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
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