[醫療信息化][DICOM教程]開篇介紹，新冠肺炎爲醫療保健信息產業帶來新的的緊迫性
COVID brings a Renewed Urgency for the Healthcare Informatics Industry
新冠肺炎爲醫療保健信息產業帶來新的的緊迫性
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the tragedies that have occured (and still occuring) have helped highlight the need for more timely exchange of critical healthcare related information for governments, health agencies, care providers and patients around the world. For many decades, the healthcare community has been at the forefront of standardization efforts for information exchange through the use of communication protocols such as HL7 and DICOM, and has worked hard to promote the use of these standards worldwide. However, the recent experience only highlights the fact that more opportunities exist to help achieve even more synergies and efficiencies in the information exchange processes that need to occur between various systems involved in the overall process of planning, administering, receiving and monitoring of all healthcare-related activities that are operationalized at any moment.
持續發生的COVID-19大流行以及已經發生（和仍在發生）的悲劇，凸顯了需要爲世界各地的政府，衛生機構，護理提供者和患者更及時地交流重要的醫療保健相關信息。 數十年來，醫療保健界一直在通過使用諸如HL7和DICOM之類的通信協議進行信息交換的標準化工作中走在前列，並且一直在努力促進在全球範圍內使用這些標準。 但是，最近的經驗僅凸顯了這樣一個事實，即存在更多的機會來幫助實現信息交換過程中更多的協同作用和效率，而信息交換過程需要在涉及所有醫療保健的計劃，管理，接收和監視的整個過程中進行的各個系統之間進行。 隨時可進行的相關活動。
“Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to home – so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any maps of the world. … Unless these rights have meaning there, they have little meaning anywhere. Without concerned citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world” ~ Eleanor Roosevelt
“畢竟，普遍人權從哪裏開始？ 在離家不遠的小地方-太小太小以至於它們在世界任何地圖上都看不到。 …除非這些權利在那裏具有意義，否則它們在任何地方都沒有意義。 沒有關心的公民採取行動在自己家附近維護他們，我們將徒勞地尋求更大世界的進步”〜埃莉諾·羅斯福（Eleanor Roosevelt）
Although I have been blogging about these standards from a software development perspective for many years, I feel that a higher level of urgency is needed now to help increase awareness of healthcare information standards for software developers and others in the IT community who are either getting started in the field or simply curious. I hope those of you that stumble across these articles on my site find them useful in some way to get started or perhaps sharpen your skills in areas that you may have had some exposure to already. With more brains collectively working on the many challenges and the opportunities for improvement that still exist in the healthcare informatics area from around the world, we can hopefully look past the sufferings, learn from any mistakes made, and dream of safer and healthier societies in the future for ourselves as well as others like the elderly and our young ones.
儘管多年來我一直從軟件開發的角度來撰寫這些標準的博客，但我認爲現在需要更高的緊迫性，以幫助軟件開發人員和IT社區中的其他入門人員提高醫療保健信息標準的意識。 在野外還是隻是好奇。 我希望那些偶然發現我網站上這些文章的人能從某種程度上幫助他們入門，或者提高您可能已經接觸過的領域的技能。 隨着越來越多的人集體努力應對來自世界各地的醫療信息學領域仍然存在的許多挑戰和改進機會，我們有望克服痛苦，從犯下的錯誤中吸取教訓，並夢想着建立一個更安全，更健康的社會。 自己以及其他老年人和年輕人的未來。
Background and Information on Articles
文章的背景和信息
My DICOM and HL7 programming tutorials on this site (see links below) are aimed at beginners starting in this area covering examples of implementation using both C# and Java programming languages using some open source libraries available on the Internet. As the use and popularity of some of the libraries that I have used in these pages have changed over the years (and will likely continue to change), I try to keep them updated when I can. Whenever or wherever that is not the case, I hope these examples still manage to convey the "theoretical minimum" and the core concepts of these standards for one to get started in this area as the standards don't change drastically too often. With that said, let us look at what thee tutorials are about.
我在此站點上的DICOM和HL7編程教程（請參見下面的鏈接）是針對該領域的初學者的，它們涵蓋了使用C＃和Java編程語言以及Internet上一些開放源代碼庫的實現示例。 多年來，由於我在這些頁面中使用的某些庫的使用和流行度發生了變化（並且可能會繼續發生變化），因此，我會盡可能地對它們進行更新。 無論何時何地，無論如何，我希望這些示例仍然能夠傳達“最低標準”和這些標準的核心概念，以便人們開始在這一領域工作，因爲這些標準不會發生太大的變化。 話雖如此，讓我們看看您的教程是關於什麼的。
HL7 is a family of cooperating standards which collectively help provide a set of organizational frameworks and guidelines to help in the design, implementation, administration and operationalization of systems that perform healthcare-related information exchange in an electronic format. The various standards contained within the larger HL7 umbrella (such as V2, V3, FHIR, CDA, etc) help define how patient care and any care provider-related information is communicated between the various parties involved. Kmowledge of these standards is vital to enable these disparate parties to exchange timely and critical healthcare data using standardized data types and a structured vocabulary set needed to achieve seamless integration between the various electronic health systems involved. My HL7 Tutorials should take someone with a background in any object-oriented language (C# or Java is preferrable) and illustrate how the static as well as runtime behavior of systems built using the HL7 standard will look like. Please note that some articles are still in progress, and I have been working through them slowly over the years.
HL7是一系列合作標準，共同幫助提供了一組組織框架和指南，以幫助設計，實施，管理和操作以電子格式執行與醫療保健相關的信息交換的系統。更大的HL7保護傘中包含的各種標準（例如V2，V3，FHIR，CDA等）有助於定義如何在相關各方之間傳達患者護理和任何與護理提供者相關的信息。這些標準的知識對於使這些不同的各方能夠使用標準化的數據類型和結構化的詞彙表集，以實現所涉及的各種電子醫療系統之間的無縫集成，及時而重要地交換醫療數據至關重要。我的HL7教程應該讓具有任何面嚮對象語言（最好使用C＃或Java）的背景知識的人，並說明使用HL7標準構建的系統的靜態和運行時行爲如何。請注意，有些文章仍在進行中，多年來，我一直在緩慢地研究它們。
DICOM is a healthcare standard responsible for governing nearly all aspects of medical imaging such as image transmission, image interpretation, print management, procedure management and off-line storage, and is used in nearly all healthcare-related imaging “modalities” such as magnetic resonance, nuclear medicine, computed tomography and ultrasound. Nearly all clinical imaging workflows around the world are based on the DICOM standard. Learning this standard is vital if you work or want to work in the healthcare informatics industry.
DICOM是一種醫療保健標準，負責管理醫學成像的幾乎所有方面，例如圖像傳輸，圖像解釋，打印管理，程序管理和離線存儲，並且幾乎用於與醫療保健相關的所有成像“模態”，例如磁共振 ，核醫學，計算機斷層掃描和超聲檢查。 全世界幾乎所有的臨牀成像工作流程都基於DICOM標準。 如果您在醫療信息學行業工作或想要工作，那麼學習此標準至關重要。
“Live in the present and shape the future, do not be casting lingering looks to the distant past for the past has passed away, never again to return.” ~ Subramanya Bharathi
“活在當下，塑造未來，不要爲遙遠的過去投下揮之不去的過去，因爲過去已經過去，再也不會回來。” 〜Subramanya Bharathi
My DICOM Tutorials are a series of short and focused articles aimed at someone who is starting with DICOM and wants to understand the theory by relating to some practical code examples. DICOM is an extremely large standard (some 6000 pages and growing each day) and is intimidating even to those who work with it on a daily basis. My tutorials are an attempt to provide a "digest version" of the many areas in the standard. These articles do not require any prior healthcare background or knowledge from the readers. Only a background in any object-oriented programming language such as C#, Java or C++ is required. Like my HL7 tutorials, some articles are still not complete and I have been working on them slowly over the years, learning those parts of the standard deeply as I go on a journey myself.
我的DICOM教程是一系列簡短而集中的文章，專門針對那些剛開始使用DICOM並希望通過與一些實際代碼示例相關的知識來理解該理論的人。 DICOM是一個非常大的標準（每天約有6000頁，並且每天都在增長），甚至對於每天使用它的人來說都是令人恐懼的。 我的教程試圖提供標準中許多領域的“摘要版本”。 這些文章不需要任何醫療背景或讀者的知識。 僅需要任何面向對象的編程語言（例如C＃，Java或C ++）的背景知識。 像我的HL7教程一樣，有些文章仍未完成，這些年來我一直在緩慢地研究它們，在我自己旅途中深入學習標準的那些部分。
Read Before Getting Started
開始之前請閱讀
I want to make a disclaimer about these articles and the information contained within them. I do not serve on either the HL7 or DICOM standards committee. You must ultimately refer to the standards themselves and their latest recommendations before starting any project involving these standards. Wrongly interpreting these standards can lead to serious health consequences for the patients, reputational risks and financial liabilities for any care givers and organizations involved. For more information about the DICOM standard, you can visit its main site here. The HL7 group's main site or your local HL7 chapters located around the world should help you obtain more information regarding the HL7 standard.
我想對這些文章及其中包含的信息免責。 我不在HL7或DICOM標準委員會中任職。 在開始涉及這些標準的任何項目之前，您必須最終參考這些標準及其最新建議。 錯誤地解釋這些標準會給患者帶來嚴重的健康後果，聲譽風險以及所涉及的任何護理人員和組織的經濟責任。 有關DICOM標準的更多信息，您可以在這裏訪問其主要站點。 HL7組的主要站點或您在世界各地的HL7本地分會應幫助您獲得有關HL7標準的更多信息。