麥叔告訴你,Linux下安裝nginx都踩了那些坑

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hi,大家好,我是麥叔,最近公司的項目開始嘗試使用前後端分離。或許大家都知道，前後端分離項目部署時候，我們一般採用nginx代理。如果你還沒有真正在Linux系統下安裝過nginx,那麼這篇文章,麥叔已經幫你把坑踩完了,可以直接入手收藏"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一.環境準備"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"CentOS 6.5"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Oracle VM VirtualBox(運行CentOS 6.5系統)"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"nginx-1.12.2"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Xshell 5"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二.安裝流程"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.進入"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://nginx.org/en/download.html","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"nginx官網"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#009688","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":",選擇下載穩定版;"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/35/3500d3c931e245a730e0ef122d68fe11.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這裏寫圖片描述"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.進入 /usr/local/src/目錄"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#5c2699","name":"user"}}],"text":"cd"},{"type":"text","text":" /usr/"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#5c2699","name":"user"}}],"text":"local"},{"type":"text","text":"/src/"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"執行命令wget ,下載nginx壓縮包;"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3f/3fd3d069d44ff5c87881e665bf1a8b9d.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/fa/fada9c7a30b2d12ce1b2f8a77a4d0832.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"查看目錄,我們發現nginx壓縮包已經成功下載;"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/4a/4a358e50a86a71fa11a292c091618823.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.解壓nginx壓縮包"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#007400","name":"user"}}],"text":"#解壓命令"}]},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/4a/4a358e50a86a71fa11a292c091618823.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"解壓完成以後,如下圖"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c3/c390181fc1341f3f8f2a1f25b64e15f2.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.nginx配置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先,進入nginx目錄"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ff/ffe1198069c115809bb94ebf267b3334.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"執行以下命令:主要是爲了配合nginx配置文件和日誌文件的目錄"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#007400","name":"user"}}],"text":"#配置命令"}]},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"./configure --prefix=/usr/"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#5c2699","name":"user"}}],"text":"local"},{"type":"text","text":"/nginx"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/f9/f9b333cd35de2fdb9ee9b4d3b2ddbb26.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們發現報錯了,這是因爲安裝 nginx 需要先將官網下載的源碼進行編譯，編譯依賴 gcc 環境，如果沒有 gcc 環境，則需要安裝：執行以下命令:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"gcc環境安裝完成以後,我們重新執行配置命令./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx,發現又報以下錯誤;"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/e0/e039c928036df3ed53ea587295d30d38.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) 是一個Perl庫，包括 perl 兼容的正則表達式庫。nginx 的 http 模塊使用 pcre 來解析正則表達式，所以需要在 linux 上安裝 pcre 庫，pcre-devel 是使用 pcre 開發的一個二次開發庫。nginx也需要此庫。執行以下命令:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"pcre庫安裝完成以後,我們在執行一次配置命令,./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx,發現又報了以下錯誤;"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/20/20e1544f62bdfdff1dff31b7a17ea68e.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"zlib 庫提供了很多種壓縮和解壓縮的方式， nginx 使用 zlib 對 http 包的內容進行 gzip ，所以需要在 Centos 上安裝 zlib 庫。執行以下命令:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最後,我們在執行一次配置命令,發現成功配置"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/9d/9d4a50587c99d899bf9672962690fe49.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6.nginx編譯和安裝"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進入/usr/local/src目錄下的nginx目錄執行如下命令"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/19/19dc1c522e2f30efea7de6f377bf9427.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"編譯和安裝完成:"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/72/7243e80145c0e3366f4dd3522f155d2c.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"至此,nginx的安裝就完成了!"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三.nginx安裝目錄介紹"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進入目錄/usr/local/nginx,發現有四個目錄(第一次漏圖啦,後面補得,路徑會有點出入)"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ce/ce1d773c752c529637e5f114d5bf4843.png","alt":"在這裏插入圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/15/15381dded5305de3925dcb0a331c0c87.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"四.nginx啓動"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進入目錄/usr/local/nginx注意:我們nginx解壓在/usr/local/src目錄下,但是我們並沒有安裝在src目錄,而是local目錄;執行如下命令:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/69/695a6146e05a9aceb7da615ca8e4570c.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據圖中的報錯信息,我們發現80端口已經被佔用;接下來,我們查一下是什麼佔了80端口,然後kill掉它;執行如下命令:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#007400","name":"user"}}],"text":"#查找端口"}]},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"netstat -antp"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/26/260da4671521f6f669be886bd6118c66.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們發現是nginx進程佔用了,那麼我們關閉重啓一下執行如下命令:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#007400","name":"user"}}],"text":"#快速關閉"}]},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#5c2699","name":"user"}}],"text":"kill"},{"type":"text","text":" TERM 9999"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b7/b7d42d06ea10ab1ca57d743b9ab790f9.png","alt":"這裏寫圖片描述","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"執行完命令我們,我們在查詢一次,發現80端口已經釋放;然後我們重啓一下試試,發現正常啓動;"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/d3/d384c49ffdc56a9a92ef1c5ff1a58541.png","alt":"這裏寫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