一篇文章搞定 Nginx 反向代理與負載均衡

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"代理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  要想弄明白反向代理,首先要知道啥是正向代理,要搞懂正向代理只需要知道啥是代理即可。代理其實就是一箇中介,在不同事物或同一事物內部起到居間聯繫作用的環節。比如買票黃牛,房屋中介等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  在互聯網中代理更多指的是代理服務器,代理服務器位於客戶端和服務器之間,它充當兩者之間的中介。這種代理在生活中是比較常見的,比如我們常說的搭個梯子上網,用到的就是代理技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正向代理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"正向代理(forward proxy)"},{"type":"text","text":":是一個位於客戶端和目標服務器之間的服務器(代理服務器),爲了從目標服務器取得內容,客戶端向代理服務器發送一個請求並指定目標,然後代理服務器向目標服務器轉交請求並將獲得的內容返回給客戶端。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  比如國內訪問谷歌,直接訪問是不行的,我們可以通過一個能夠訪問谷歌的正向代理服務器,請求發到代理服務器,由代理去谷歌獲取數據並返回,這樣就變相的實現了訪問谷歌的需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  一句話"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"總結"},{"type":"text","text":":正向代理,就是"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"代理服務器代理了客戶端"}]},{"type":"text","text":",去和目標服務器進行交互。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/f2/f267b48f5fabac5c541bd3d4b30f38e8.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"正向代理的用途"},{"type":"text","text":":"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"突破 IP 訪問限制"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通過緩存加速訪問資源"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隱藏客戶端真實 IP"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"客戶端訪問授權"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"反向代理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"反向代理(Reverse Proxy)"},{"type":"text","text":":與正向代理正好相反,反向代理中的代理服務器,代理的是服務器那端。代理服務器接收客戶端請求,然後將請求轉發給內部網絡上的服務器,並將從服務器上得到的結果返回給客戶端,此時代理服務器對外表現爲一個反向代理服務器的角色。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  反向代理服務器位於用戶與目標服務器之間,但是對於用戶而言,反向代理服務器就相當於目標服務器,即用戶直接訪問反向代理服務器就可以獲得目標服務器的資源。同時,用戶不需要知道目標服務器的地址,也無須在用戶端作任何設定。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  一句話"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"總結"},{"type":"text","text":":反向代理,就是"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"代理服務器代理了目標服務器"}]},{"type":"text","text":",去和客戶端進行交互。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/eb/eb98028cca38d9d65530fb51e924f456.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"反向代理的用途"},{"type":"text","text":":"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隱藏服務器真實 IP"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"負載均衡"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通過緩存加速訪問資源"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提供安全保障"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"負載均衡"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  實際生產環境中,反向代理服務器代理的目標服務器可能不止一個。比如開發好的某個應用部署在一臺 Tomcat 服務器上,而 Tomcat 的併發上限不優化情況下,默認只有兩百左右,這時候爲了解決高併發的問題,就只能選擇更替服務器或者搭建多臺服務器通過反向代理與負載均衡的技術解決併發問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/e8/e8ec64e642845bb454f1c80a1f01569c.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"負載均衡"},{"type":"text","text":"(Load Balance)是由"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"多臺服務器以對稱的方式組成一個服務器集羣"},{"type":"text","text":",每臺服務器都具有等價的地位,都可以單獨對外提供服務而無須其他服務器的輔助。經過某種負載分管技術,將外部發送來的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"中央請求均勻分配"},{"type":"text","text":"到對稱結構中的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"某一臺服務器"},{"type":"text","text":"上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總結"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  正向代理,就是"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"代理服務器代理了客戶端"}]},{"type":"text","text":",去和目標服務器進行交互。現實生活中的場景:黃牛買票。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  反向代理,就是"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"代理服務器代理了目標服務器"}]},{"type":"text","text":",去和客戶端進行交互。現實生活中的場景:房屋中介。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Nginx 反向代理與負載均衡"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ef/efabf1246bebb5783d2350492262312d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  前面我們提到搭建多臺服務器並通過反向代理與負載均衡的技術可以解決併發問題,那麼負載均衡的實現從哪來?爲了避免重複造輪子,我們選擇現成已有的成熟工具幫助我們完成這項工作。Nginx 就是一個不錯的選擇。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/9b/9b84eaa229b057995b41c90315a11c30.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev(伊戈爾 · 賽索耶夫)爲俄羅斯訪問量第二的 https://www.rambler.ru/ 站點開發的。Nginx 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服務器,可以扛得住 5W 左右的併發。Ngnix 一方面可以做反向代理服務器,另外一方面還可以做靜態資源服務器。本文主要學習如何使用 Nginx 實現反向代理與負載均衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  官網:http://nginx.org/"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"環境"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" 三臺 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"CentOS 7.8.2003"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 機器"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"192.168.10.101"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 安裝 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Nginx 1.18.0"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"192.168.10.102"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 和 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"192.168.10.103"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 安裝 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Tomcat 9.0.38"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝 Nginx"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下載資源"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  下載 Nginx 並解壓。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# 下載 nginx 壓縮包\nwget -P /usr/local/src http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz\n# 解壓\ntar -zxvf /usr/local/src/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝依賴"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  Nginx 是基於 C 語言開發的,HTTP 模塊使用了 pcre 來解析正則表達式,且可以使用 zlib 對 HTTP 包的內容進行 gzip 壓縮,Nginx 不僅支持 HTTP 協議,還支持 HTTPS,HTTPS 需要 openssl 提供支持,所以安裝 Nginx 之前必須先安裝它所依賴的環境。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl-devel"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝 Nginx"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  編譯並安裝。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# 切換至 nginx 的解壓目錄\ncd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.18.0\n# 創建 nginx 的安裝目錄\nmkdir -p /usr/local/nginx\n# 指定 nginx 的安裝路徑\n./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/\n# 編譯並安裝\nmake && make install"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"常用命令"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# 切換目錄\ncd /usr/local/nginx\n\n# 啓動\nsbin/nginx\n\n# 重啓\nsbin/nginx -s reload\n\n# 停止\nsbin/nginx -s quit"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"訪問"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  啓動 Nginx 以後,瀏覽器訪問:http://192.168.10.101:80/ 結果如下:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/5c/5c29f6d86236750507b0607f6d6a6cfa.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝 Tomcat"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下載資源"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  下載 Tomcat 並解壓。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# 下載 tomcat 壓縮包\nwget -P /usr/local/src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.38/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.38.tar.gz\n# 創建目錄\nmkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat\n# 解壓\ntar -zxvf /usr/local/src/apache-tomcat-9.0.38.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomcat"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"修改頁面"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  修改 Tomcat 自帶 ROOT 項目中的 index.jsp 頁面。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"shell"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# 編輯 index.jsp\nvim /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.38/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  在 body 標籤中隨便添加點內容用於區分不同的服務器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"html"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"

192.169.10.102:8080

\n

192.169.10.103:8080

"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a7/a7edd3fe5eb97065accbbd0e6a204050.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b2/b26c515679b620da5c4e34432d278810.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"啓動訪問"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.38/bin/startup.sh"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 啓動 Tomcat。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  啓動 Tomcat 以後,瀏覽器訪問:http://192.168.10.102:8080/ 和 http://192.168.10.103:8080/ 結果如下:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b7/b741df862ad33bb14ec9a9f037f191f4.png","alt":null,"title":" ","style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/33/3372d21279bb033e4ec74d1535728952.png","alt":null,"title":" ","style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"配置 Nginx"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 編輯配置文件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  在 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"http"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 節點下,添加 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"upstream"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 節點。使用 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"upstream name{}"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 語法定義一組服務器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  然後在 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"server"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 節點的 80 端口下添加下圖中的內容。默認情況下,Nginx 是按加權輪詢的方式將請求分發到各個服務器,當權重 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"weight"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 不指定時,各服務器 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"weight"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 相同。關於 Nginx 啓動用戶的問題請根據自身實際環境進行配置。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c2/c2563e741d59918d23fd07c85439377e.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"反向代理負載均衡"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"  通過上面的流程,我們已經完成基於 Nginx 實現反向代理 Tomcat 服務器集羣與負載均衡的需求。重啓 Nginx 以後,此時再訪問 Nginx 則會被路由到被代理的 Tomcat 服務器上,並且採用了輪詢方式(默認)的負載均衡算法。客戶端請求到 Nginx 的中央請求會每臺一次的平均分配至 Tomcat 每個機器上。關於 Nginx 更多詳細的配置及負載均衡算法我們後面再另開文章細說。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3f/3f2b7927a66dc6426ff7a6f46f8d35a3.gif","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文采用 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"知識共享「署名-非商業性使用-禁止演繹 4.0 國際」許可協議"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大家可以通過 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mrhelloworld.com/categories/nginx","title":""},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分類"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 查看更多關於 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mrhelloworld.com/categories/docker","title":""},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Nginx"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 的文章。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"🤗 您的"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"點贊"}]},{"type":"text","text":"和"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"轉發"}]},{"type":"text","text":"是對我最大的支持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"📢 掃碼關注 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"哈嘍沃德先生"}]},{"type":"text","text":"「文檔 + 視頻」每篇文章都配有專門視頻講解,學習更輕鬆噢 ~"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/67/6739b2ed350171f1bca3a0238715c45f.gif","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a4/a4ce414db631d7d0ea9cbfe81eba4139.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章