1.Spring Boot簡介
簡化Spring應用開發的一個框架
整個Spring技術棧的一個大整合
J2EE開發的一站式解決方案
優點:
– 快速創建獨立運行的Spring項目以及與主流框架集成
– 使用嵌入式的Servlet容器,應用無需打成WAR包 – starters自動依賴與版本控制
– 大量的自動配置,簡化開發,也可修改默認值 – 無需配置XML,無代碼生成,開箱即用
– 準生產環境的運行時應用監控
– 與雲計算的天然集成
2.微服務
提出者:martin fowler
微服務:架構風格(服務微化)
一個應用應該是一組小型服務;可以通過HTTP的方式進行互通;
單體應用:ALL IN ONE
微服務:每一個功能元素最終都是一個可獨立替換和獨立升級的軟件單元;
微服務文檔:https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html#MicroservicesAndSoa
3.環境準備
[1].JDK1.8
Spring Boot 推薦jdk1.7及以上;
java version "1.8.0_201"
C:\WINDOWS\system32>java -version java version "1.8.0_201" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode) |
[2].Maven3.x
maven 3.3以上版本;
Apache Maven 3.3.9
C:\WINDOWS\system32>mvn -v Apache Maven 3.3.9 (bb52d8502b132ec0a5a3f4c09453c07478323dc5; 2015-11-11T00:41:47+08:00) Maven home: D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.3.9 Java version: 1.8.0_201, vendor: Oracle Corporation Java home: D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_201\jre Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: GBK OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "dos" |
Maven設置:給Maven的settings.xml配置文件的profiles標籤添加
</profile> --> <profile> <id>jdk-1.8</id> <activation> <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> <jdk>1.8</jdk> </activation> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion> </properties> </profile> </profiles> |
[3].IDEA2017
IntelliJ IDEA 2017.3.7 x64
STS
|
[4].Spring Boot
SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE:1.5.9;
IDEA設置
(1).整合Maven
Configure->settings
4.Spring Boot HelloWorld
瀏覽器發送hello請求,服務器接受請求並處理,響應Hello World字符串;
[1].創建Maven工程
SDK選擇我們安裝的JDK位置即可
[2].導入依賴spring Boot相關的依賴
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> |
[3].編寫主程序main
/** * @SpringBootApplication 來標註一個主程序類,說明這是一個Spring Boot應用 */ @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring應用啓動起來 SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args); } } |
[4].編寫Controller、Service
@Controller public class HelloController {
@ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "Hello World!"; } } |
[5].運行主程序測試
|
[6].簡化部署
將這個應用打成jar包,直接使用java -jar的命令進行執行;
<!-- 該插件可以將應用打包成可執行的jar包 --> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> |
5.HelloWorld解析
[1].POM文件
(1).父項目
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> </parent>
它的父項目 <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath> </parent>
它是真正管理Spring Boot應用裏面的所有依賴版本:
<properties> <!-- Dependency versions --> <activemq.version>5.14.5</activemq.version> <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version> <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.59</appengine-sdk.version> <artemis.version>1.5.5</artemis.version> <aspectj.version>1.8.13</aspectj.version> <assertj.version>2.6.0</assertj.version> <atomikos.version>3.9.3</atomikos.version> <bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version> <caffeine.version>2.3.5</caffeine.version> <cassandra-driver.version>3.1.4</cassandra-driver.version> <classmate.version>1.3.4</classmate.version> <commons-beanutils.version>1.9.3</commons-beanutils.version> <commons-collections.version>3.2.2</commons-collections.version> <commons-codec.version>1.10</commons-codec.version> <commons-dbcp.version>1.4</commons-dbcp.version> <commons-dbcp2.version>2.1.1</commons-dbcp2.version> <commons-digester.version>2.1</commons-digester.version> <commons-pool.version>1.6</commons-pool.version> <commons-pool2.version>2.4.3</commons-pool2.version> <couchbase-client.version>2.3.7</couchbase-client.version> <couchbase-cache-client.version>2.1.0</couchbase-cache-client.version> <crashub.version>1.3.2</crashub.version> <derby.version>10.13.1.1</derby.version> <dom4j.version>1.6.1</dom4j.version> <dropwizard-metrics.version>3.1.5</dropwizard-metrics.version> <ehcache.version>2.10.4</ehcache.version> <ehcache3.version>3.2.3</ehcache3.version> <embedded-mongo.version>1.50.5</embedded-mongo.version> <flyway.version>3.2.1</flyway.version> <freemarker.version>2.3.27-incubating</freemarker.version> <elasticsearch.version>2.4.6</elasticsearch.version> <gemfire.version>8.2.7</gemfire.version> <glassfish-el.version>3.0.0</glassfish-el.version> <gradle.version>2.9</gradle.version> <groovy.version>2.4.13</groovy.version> <gson.version>2.8.2</gson.version> <h2.version>1.4.196</h2.version> <hamcrest.version>1.3</hamcrest.version> <hazelcast.version>3.7.8</hazelcast.version> <hazelcast-hibernate4.version>3.7.1</hazelcast-hibernate4.version> <hazelcast-hibernate5.version>1.1.3</hazelcast-hibernate5.version> <hibernate.version>5.0.12.Final</hibernate.version> <hibernate-validator.version>5.3.6.Final</hibernate-validator.version> <hikaricp.version>2.5.1</hikaricp.version> <hikaricp-java6.version>2.3.13</hikaricp-java6.version> <hikaricp-java7.version>2.4.13</hikaricp-java7.version> <hsqldb.version>2.3.5</hsqldb.version> <htmlunit.version>2.21</htmlunit.version> <httpasyncclient.version>4.1.3</httpasyncclient.version> <httpclient.version>4.5.3</httpclient.version> <httpcore.version>4.4.8</httpcore.version> <infinispan.version>8.2.8.Final</infinispan.version> <jackson.version>2.8.10</jackson.version> <janino.version>2.7.8</janino.version> <javassist.version>3.21.0-GA</javassist.version> <!-- Same as Hibernate --> <javax-cache.version>1.0.0</javax-cache.version> <javax-mail.version>1.5.6</javax-mail.version> <javax-transaction.version>1.2</javax-transaction.version> <javax-validation.version>1.1.0.Final</javax-validation.version> <jaxen.version>1.1.6</jaxen.version> <jaybird.version>2.2.13</jaybird.version> <jboss-logging.version>3.3.1.Final</jboss-logging.version> <jboss-transaction-spi.version>7.6.0.Final</jboss-transaction-spi.version> <jdom2.version>2.0.6</jdom2.version> <jedis.version>2.9.0</jedis.version> <jersey.version>2.25.1</jersey.version> <jest.version>2.0.4</jest.version> <jetty.version>9.4.7.v20170914</jetty.version> <jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version> <jetty-el.version>8.0.33</jetty-el.version> <jms-api.version>1.1-rev-1</jms-api.version> <jmustache.version>1.13</jmustache.version> <jna.version>4.2.2</jna.version> <joda-time.version>2.9.9</joda-time.version> <jolokia.version>1.3.7</jolokia.version> <jooq.version>3.9.6</jooq.version> <json.version>20140107</json.version> <jsonassert.version>1.4.0</jsonassert.version> <json-path.version>2.2.0</json-path.version> <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> <jtds.version>1.3.1</jtds.version> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> <liquibase.version>3.5.3</liquibase.version> <log4j2.version>2.7</log4j2.version> <logback.version>1.1.11</logback.version> <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version> <mariadb.version>1.5.9</mariadb.version> <mssql-jdbc.version>6.1.0.jre7</mssql-jdbc.version> <mockito.version>1.10.19</mockito.version> <mongodb.version>3.4.3</mongodb.version> <mysql.version>5.1.44</mysql.version> <narayana.version>5.5.30.Final</narayana.version> <nekohtml.version>1.9.22</nekohtml.version> <neo4j-ogm.version>2.1.5</neo4j-ogm.version> <postgresql.version>9.4.1212.jre7</postgresql.version> <querydsl.version>4.1.4</querydsl.version> <reactor.version>2.0.8.RELEASE</reactor.version> <reactor-spring.version>2.0.7.RELEASE</reactor-spring.version> <selenium.version>2.53.1</selenium.version> <selenium-htmlunit.version>2.21</selenium-htmlunit.version> <sendgrid.version>2.2.2</sendgrid.version> <servlet-api.version>3.1.0</servlet-api.version> <simple-json.version>1.1.1</simple-json.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version> <snakeyaml.version>1.17</snakeyaml.version> <solr.version>5.5.5</solr.version> <spock.version>1.0-groovy-2.4</spock.version> <spring.version>4.3.13.RELEASE</spring.version> <spring-amqp.version>1.7.4.RELEASE</spring-amqp.version> <spring-cloud-connectors.version>1.2.5.RELEASE</spring-cloud-connectors.version> <spring-batch.version>3.0.8.RELEASE</spring-batch.version> <spring-data-releasetrain.version>Ingalls-SR9</spring-data-releasetrain.version> <spring-hateoas.version>0.23.0.RELEASE</spring-hateoas.version> <spring-integration.version>4.3.12.RELEASE</spring-integration.version> <spring-integration-java-dsl.version>1.2.3.RELEASE</spring-integration-java-dsl.version> <spring-kafka.version>1.1.7.RELEASE</spring-kafka.version> <spring-ldap.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-ldap.version> <spring-loaded.version>1.2.8.RELEASE</spring-loaded.version> <spring-mobile.version>1.1.5.RELEASE</spring-mobile.version> <spring-plugin.version>1.2.0.RELEASE</spring-plugin.version> <spring-restdocs.version>1.1.3.RELEASE</spring-restdocs.version> <spring-retry.version>1.2.1.RELEASE</spring-retry.version> <spring-security.version>4.2.3.RELEASE</spring-security.version> <spring-security-jwt.version>1.0.8.RELEASE</spring-security-jwt.version> <spring-security-oauth.version>2.0.14.RELEASE</spring-security-oauth.version> <spring-session.version>1.3.1.RELEASE</spring-session.version> <spring-social.version>1.1.4.RELEASE</spring-social.version> <spring-social-facebook.version>2.0.3.RELEASE</spring-social-facebook.version> <spring-social-linkedin.version>1.0.2.RELEASE</spring-social-linkedin.version> <spring-social-twitter.version>1.1.2.RELEASE</spring-social-twitter.version> <spring-ws.version>2.4.2.RELEASE</spring-ws.version> <sqlite-jdbc.version>3.15.1</sqlite-jdbc.version> <statsd-client.version>3.1.0</statsd-client.version> <sun-mail.version>${javax-mail.version}</sun-mail.version> <thymeleaf.version>2.1.6.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4.version>2.1.3.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4.version> <thymeleaf-extras-conditionalcomments.version>2.1.2.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-conditionalcomments.version> <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>1.4.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version> <thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>1.3</thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version> <thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version> <tomcat.version>8.5.23</tomcat.version> <undertow.version>1.4.21.Final</undertow.version> <unboundid-ldapsdk.version>3.2.1</unboundid-ldapsdk.version> <webjars-hal-browser.version>9f96c74</webjars-hal-browser.version> <webjars-locator.version>0.32-1</webjars-locator.version> <wsdl4j.version>1.6.3</wsdl4j.version> <xml-apis.version>1.4.01</xml-apis.version> <!-- Plugin versions --> <build-helper-maven-plugin.version>1.10</build-helper-maven-plugin.version> <exec-maven-plugin.version>1.5.0</exec-maven-plugin.version> <git-commit-id-plugin.version>2.2.3</git-commit-id-plugin.version> <maven-antrun-plugin.version>1.8</maven-antrun-plugin.version> <maven-assembly-plugin.version>2.6</maven-assembly-plugin.version> <maven-clean-plugin.version>2.6.1</maven-clean-plugin.version> <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version> <maven-dependency-plugin.version>2.10</maven-dependency-plugin.version> <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version> <maven-eclipse-plugin.version>2.10</maven-eclipse-plugin.version> <maven-enforcer-plugin.version>1.4</maven-enforcer-plugin.version> <maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.18.1</maven-failsafe-plugin.version> <maven-install-plugin.version>2.5.2</maven-install-plugin.version> <maven-invoker-plugin.version>1.10</maven-invoker-plugin.version> <maven-help-plugin.version>2.2</maven-help-plugin.version> <maven-jar-plugin.version>2.6</maven-jar-plugin.version> <maven-javadoc-plugin.version>2.10.4</maven-javadoc-plugin.version> <maven-resources-plugin.version>2.7</maven-resources-plugin.version> <maven-shade-plugin.version>2.4.3</maven-shade-plugin.version> <maven-site-plugin.version>3.5.1</maven-site-plugin.version> <maven-source-plugin.version>2.4</maven-source-plugin.version> <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.18.1</maven-surefire-plugin.version> <maven-war-plugin.version>2.6</maven-war-plugin.version> <versions-maven-plugin.version>2.2</versions-maven-plugin.version> </properties> |
Spring Boot的版本中心;
以後我們導入依賴默認是不需要寫版本;(沒有在dependencies裏面管理的依賴自然需要聲明版本號)
(2).啓動器
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> |
spring-boot-starter-web:Spring-boot場景啓動器,幫我們導入了web模塊正常運行所依賴的組件.
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> </dependency> |
Spring Boot將所有的功能場景都抽取出來,做成一個個的starters(啓動器),只需要在項目裏面引入這些starter相關場景的所有依賴都會導入進來。要用什麼功能就導入什麼場景的啓動器
[2].主程序類(主入口類)
/** * @SpringBootApplication 來標註一個主程序類 說明這是一個Spring boot應用 */ @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) { //Spring應用啓動起來 SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args); } } |
@SpringBootApplication: Spring Boot應用標註在某個類上說明這個類是SpringBoot的主配置類,SpringBoot就應該運行這個類的main方法來啓動SpringBoot應用;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication { |
@SpringBootConfiguration:Spring Boot的配置類;
標註在某個類上,表示這是一個Spring Boot的配置類
|- @Configuration:配置類上來標註這個註解;
配置類 ----- 配置文件;
配置類也是容器中的一個組件;
|- @Component
@EnableAutoConfiguration:開啓自動配置功能;
以前我們需要配置的東西,Spring Boot幫我們自動配置;@EnableAutoConfiguration告訴SpringBoot開啓自動配置功能;這樣自動配置才能生效;
@AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {} |
@AutoConfigurationPackage:自動配置包;
|- @Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
Spring的底層註解@Import,給容器中導入一個組件;導入的組件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class;
將主配置類(@SpringBootApplication標註的類)的所在包及下面所有子包裏面的所有組件掃描到Spring容器;
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImport(metadata)).getPackageName()); } |
@Import({EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}):給容器中導入組件;
|- EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector:導入那些組件的選擇器
將所有需要導入的組件以全類名的方式返回;這些組件就會被添加到容器中;
會給容器中導入非常多的自動配置類(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是給容器中導入這個場景需要的所有組件,並配置好這些組件;
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return NO_IMPORTS; } else { try { AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader); AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata); List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations); configurations = this.sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); configurations.removeAll(exclusions); configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); return (String[])configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]); } catch (IOException var6) { throw new IllegalStateException(var6); } } } |
有了自動配置類,免去了我們手動編寫配置注入功能組件等的工作;
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader); |
Spring Boot在啓動的時候從類路徑下的META-INF/spring.factories中獲取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,將這些值作爲自動配置類導入到容器中,自動配置類就生效,幫我們進行自動配置工作;以前我們需要自己配置的東西,自動配置類都幫我們;
J2EE的整體整合解決方案和自動配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;
6.使用Spring Initializer快速創建Spring Boot項目
[1].IDEA:使用 Spring Initializer快速創建項目
IDE都支持使用Spring的項目創建嚮導快速創建一個Spring Boot項目;
選擇我們需要的模塊;嚮導會聯網創建Spring Boot項目;
默認生成的Spring Boot項目;
- 主程序已經生成好了,我們只需要我們自己的邏輯
- resources文件夾中目錄結構
- static:保存所有的靜態資源; js css images;
- templates:保存所有的模板頁面;(Spring Boot默認jar包使用嵌入式的Tomcat,默認不支持JSP頁面);可以使用模板引擎(freemarker、thymeleaf);
- application.properties:Spring Boot應用的配置文件;可以修改一些默認設置;
[2].STS使用Spring Starter Project快速創建項目
參考文檔:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.9.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/