英特爾聚焦全棧量子研究：發佈多項重磅量子計算研究成果

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/03/0320716994ff516f230d8b265b442dd2.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"圖注：英特爾公司使用這種同位素純晶片在其300毫米工藝技術上發明了自旋量子位製造流程。（圖片來源：英特爾公司）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://qce.quantum.ieee.org/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"text":"本週舉行的IEEE量子計算與工程國際會議（“IEEE Quantum Week 2020"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"text":"）"},{"type":"text","text":"上，英特爾將展示一系列研究成果，着重介紹其在量子計算硬件、軟件和算法領域的創新性全棧方法。這些研究成果展示了量子計算在這些領域的重要進展，對於構建可運行應用程序、可擴展的商業級量子系統至關重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得一提的是，英特爾在此次大會上發佈的《利用深度強化學習設計高保真多量子比特門》論文在衆多論文中脫穎而出，獲得“最佳論文”獎項。該研究展示了將深度學習框架成功用於模擬設計量子點量子比特系統的高保真多量子比特門（multi-qubit gates），對於機器學習技術在量子計算的應用具有重要意義。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“英特爾一直專注於量子計算在短期內的實用性應用，這項顛覆性技術正在走出物理實驗室，並穩步過渡到工程領域。從控制量子比特的自旋量子位硬件和cryo-CMOS技術到軟件和算法研究，英特爾研究院在量子計算堆棧的每一層上都取得了切實的進步，大力推動可擴展、可商業應用的量子架構。採用這種系統級的方法對實現量子實用性至關重要，”英特爾研究院量子應用和架構總監Anne Matsuura博士表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"英特爾全棧量子研究的意義："},{"type":"text","text":"目前，對量子計算的大部分研究主要集中在硬件技術上。但是，由於量子計算是一種全新的計算範例，因此它需要新的硬件、軟件和算法堆棧，才能實現一個可運行應用程序的商業級量子系統。使用模擬有助於全面瞭解構建完整量子堆棧的所有組件，並可以提前考慮構建到實際量子系統的工作負載。在當前進行量子計算的全棧研究（涉及硬件、軟件和算法）是非常有必要的，因爲隨着硬件成熟，應用程序已經準備好在小型的量子計算機上運行。這種方法是英特爾採取以系統爲導向、以工作負載爲驅動的量子計算開發策略的核心，也是英特爾實現量子實用性願景的基礎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"成果展示："},{"type":"text","text":"英特爾Anne Matsuura博士將發表主題爲《量子計算：一種可擴展、系統級研究方法》的演講，重點介紹英特爾通過採用系統級方法擴展量子系統以實現商業化的策略。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，爲期一週的大會上還將展示英特爾研究院的幾篇研究論文，重點介紹全棧量子系統級研究以及在量子系統上運行應用程序的進展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"以下是此次大會上英特爾量子研究成果的重點摘要："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"研究重點：利用深度學習設計多量子比特門（Multi-Qubit Gates）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"論文標題：利用深度強化學習設計高保真多量子比特門"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"概述：量子點硅量子位（Quantum dot silicon qubits）（量子計算領域正在探索的衆多方法之一）"},{"type":"text","text":"因體積較小，有助於實現量子可擴展性。在使用這種技術的商業級量子計算機上需要高保真的多量子比特門。該研究展示了將深度學習框架成功用於模擬設計量子點量子比特系統的高保真多量子比特門（multi-qubit gates）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"重要意義："},{"type":"text","text":"隨着量子計算硬件的不斷髮展，機器學習技術將在量子門（quantum gates）的設計優化和部署中大顯身手。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"研究重點：將經典數據集有效地加載到量子計算機中"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"論文標題：高效的量子電路可用於準備平穩、可微函數的精確狀態"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"概述：爲了使機器學習能夠利用量子技術實現計算的指數級加速，需要將經典數據有效地加載到量子系統中以便執行。如今，對於量子系統而言，這仍然是一個極具挑戰性的問題，因爲即使加載中等大小的數據集也要花費大量的時間"},{"type":"text","text":"。該研究展示了應對這一挑戰的進展，並重點介紹了一種算法，該算法可有效加載某些用於生成這些數據集的高使用率函數（例如高斯分佈和概率分佈）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"重要意義："},{"type":"text","text":"當今的機器學習系統正在迅速接近經典計算模型的極限。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"這項研究展示量子計算機可用於需要數據集的機器學習等應用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"研究重點：量子物理學模擬的最佳量子比特配置（Optimal qubit configurations）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"論文標題：有關d級粒子數字量子模擬的連接依賴型資源要求的研究"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"概述："},{"type":"text","text":"這項研究着重介紹了量子物理模擬算法（也稱哈密頓量模擬）（Hamiltonian simulation），該算法可輕鬆高效地在小型量子比特系統上運行，同時還研究了在不同的量子比特配置上執行這些算法的資源需求。 "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"重要意義："},{"type":"text","text":"量子計算的早期應用之一將是如何有效地模擬量子物理學。這項研究成果對在特定應用領域設計量子比特芯片具有重要影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"研究重點：用於後量子密碼學的BIKE加速器"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"論文標題：使用常數時間解碼器（constant time decoder）進行高效BIKE硬件設計"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"概述："},{"type":"text","text":"通過解密當前由經典密碼算法加密的所有數據, 量子計算機有可能攻擊經典加密算法。當今流行的共享加密密鑰的方法（例如Diffie-Hellman）預計會受到量子攻擊。比特翻轉密鑰封裝技術BIKE (Bit-flipping Key Encapsulation)是一種用於後量子加密的可行方法，美國國家標準與技術研究院（NIST）目前正對此進行調研。這項研究以英特爾先前對BIKE的研究爲基礎，並提出了BIKE硬件加速器的設計。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"重要意義："},{"type":"text","text":"量子計算機有可能發展出牢不可破的加密技術，大大提高了信息的安全性。如今，像BIKE這樣的後量子算法可以在密碼系統中使用，以使其具有抵禦量子攻擊的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"研究重點：在小型量子比特系統上有效執行抗噪聲算法的新技術"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"論文標題：開發變分量子算法的成本函數，以便在近期設備上實現"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"概述："},{"type":"text","text":"對於近期內出現缺乏糾錯能力的量子計算機，混合量子經典算法是最可行的方法之一，但難以運行。這項研究着重介紹了一種成功在實際量子比特上實現的新技術，該技術可以幫助這些抗噪聲算法在小型量子位系統上高效運行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"重要意義："},{"type":"text","text":"由於具備錯誤校正功能的量子計算機目前尚不存在，因此抗噪聲算法取得進展非常重要，以便在可預見的將來，這些算法可以在量子系統上高效運行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"更多內容："},{"type":"text","text":"可以參見"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://newsroom.intel.com/press-kits/intel-labs/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"text":"英特爾研究院"}]},{"type":"text","text":"（新聞資料包）"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#gs.i8a2mf","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"text":"英特爾研究院的量子計算工作"}]},{"type":"text","text":"（新聞資料包）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}