「深度解析」告诉你如何选择容器存储

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着容器技术在生产环境中越来越多被使用，实际用户应用正在从无状态应用程序扩展到需要持久化存储支持的有状态应用程序。IT技术专业人员需要知道如何选择适合在容器中运行有状态应用程序的存储。我们深度解读Gartner报告，就存储类型及应用类型两个维度来帮技术专业人员分析容器存储的选择。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"01 容器存储分类"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2013年Docker技术出现以来，容器的持久存储需求逐渐显现。近些年，存储供应商一直在提供各种类型的存储用于在容器和外部存储系统之间建立直通连接的存储插件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CSI的引入大大加强了容器存储生态系统，因为它标准化了外部存储系统与许多容器编排系统的集成。使用基于CSI的驱动程序，一个容器化的有状态应用程序不需要知道关于底层存储系统的任何信息，应用程序只需将其数据写入文件系统或块设备的容器存储卷，而容器编排系统将透明地处理存储编排和调度的事情。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018年12月，云原生计算基金会(CNCF)发布了Kubernetes 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Elasticsearch可以执行自己的数据复制；Hadoop和Spark依赖Hadoop分布式文件系统来同步对数据的访问。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"内容管理"},{"type":"text","text":"：内容管理应用程序(如Drupal和WordPress)在数据库(如MySQL或PostgreSQL)中维护它们的状态。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"CI/CD"},{"type":"text","text":"：容器可用于构建CI/CD工具(如Jenkins)。Jenkins使用主从模型构建分布式集群，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"它用一个文件目录来维护其状态"},{"type":"text","text":"。因此，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"有必要使用共享文件系统在运行在不同主机上的容器之间共享该目录"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数据处理"},{"type":"text","text":"：数据处理应用程序，如图形绘制和视频转码工具，都可以使用应用程序实例集群化来处理大型批处理作业。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"它们通常依赖于共享文件系统来协调分布式任务的状态和传输数据"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kafka流处理平台是个例外，它使用自己的复制机制在实例之间共享数据。如果应用程序实例失败，它的数据仍然对其他实例可用，而不依赖于共享存储。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"高性能计算"},{"type":"text","text":"：当这些应用程序部署在容器中时，可以使用容器编排来调度它们的多个实例，以便跨主机集群并行处理任务。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"与数据处理应用程序一样，HPC应用程序通常依赖于并行共享文件系统在应用程序实例之间传输数据"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"机器学习"},{"type":"text","text":"：容器适用于部署ML应用程序，比如TensorFlow。TensorFlow使用分布式计算处理不同进程中的图形部分，每个进程都可以在单独的容器中运行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"03 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YRCloudFile，我们为容器做了什么？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自从云原生计算基金会(CNCF) 对Kubernetes 1.13 版本正式 GA了Container Storage Interface (CSI)，国内一些SDS厂家也纷纷宣布对CSI接口的支持。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"焱融科技是国内最早支持CSI容器存储接口的厂商之一，也是国内首家进入CNCF 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CSI接口对故障动态感知功能，当CSI状态出现问题时，K8S可标记该Node，从而避免Master节点把新建有状态Pod分发到该CSI故障Node。从而，单个CSI接口出现故障，不会影响整个Kubernetes集群的效能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"列表及过滤"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，我们把Kubernetes目录列表（Pod、PVC、PV）引入了YRCloudFile管理界面，并且以可管理性和可操作性为出发点，支持对相关列表（Pod、PVC、PV）的名称、容量、label等进行检索、过滤、排序等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PV粒度的热点分析及性能监控和告警"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"针对实际应用环境中，大量PV共享存储资源，单个PV热点无法排查的问题，YRCloudFile做了专门的改进方案，列出top hot spot，方便用户管理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外YRCloudFile还增加了针对每一个PV的性能告警功能，可以针对重点需要监控的PV，设置PV性能告警阈值，实现细粒度的管理和监控。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PV性能QoS"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"YRCloudFile能够在管理界面设置持久卷（Persistent Volume）的IOPS和带宽BW的QoS，从而达到有效利用存储资源的效果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PV Insight"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PV Insight功能使用户可以快速浏览三维的PV使用情况，使用PV Insight，通过图形化的方式，能够快速查看PV内的数据层次、文件大小、数据温度，从而帮助用户对业务进行分析和调整。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PV Resize"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"YRCloudFile PV resize功能，不需要将应用程序或服务脱机。只需一个简单的操作，即可以调整PV的大小。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Prometheus及Grafana支持"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"YRCloudFile不仅提供自定义的Prometheus exporter，向Prometheus server提供集群监控数据，并且提供基于Grafana的集群监控Web展现模板。用户可以统一观察到所有集群的状态，从而提高运维的效率。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"YRCloudFile同城双活数据中心"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企业越来越多地考虑基于容器平台的IT架构，容器平台跨数据中心的需求和场景也越来越多，YRCloudFile创新性地实现了双活容器存储、本地优先读、双活存储池加本地存储池统一管理的功能，为客户提供了更灵活的IT架构。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"焱融科技通过收集实际客户反馈信息，调研行业主流发展方向，在容器持久化存储方向不断改进，致力于为用户提供一个成熟的容器存储解决方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"horizontalrule"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"关于焱融科技"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"焱融科技是一家以软件定义存储技术为核心竞争力的高新技术企业，在分布式存储等关键技术上拥有自主知识产权，是高性能文件存储和容器存储的领导者。焱融科技核心产品YRCloudFile在全球IO500性能测试中，进入世界前六。同时，YRCloudFile是国内首个进入CNCF Landscape的容器存储产品。焱融科技针对各行业业务特性，打造个性化行业解决方案，提供一站式的产品与服务。焱融科技系列产品已服务于人工智能、金融、政府、制造业、互联网等行业的众多客户。了解更多焱融科技信息，请访问官网"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//www.yanrongyun.com","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"http://www.yanrongyun.com"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}