Spring RestTemplate用法

RestTemplate簡介

RestTemplate對HTTP請求進行了封裝，進行請求的時候可以保留cookie，在下次請求的時候使用；

postForEntity與postForObject功能類似，可以從源碼上面看出異同；

如果想在GET請求的時候帶上cookie，不能使用getForEntity方法，需要使用exchange方法；

代碼示例

import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;


public class RestRequest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> cookies = login();

        postForValue(cookies);

        jsonPost(cookies);

        getForValue(cookies);

        getForValueV2(cookies);
    }

    // 有些服務器參數需要帶在url上面
    private static void getForValueV2(List<String> cookies) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://ip:port/xxx?key=value";
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        httpHeaders.put(HttpHeaders.COOKIE, cookies);
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(null, httpHeaders);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class);
        String body = responseEntity.getBody();
        System.out.println(body);
    }

    // 帶cookie的Get請求；
    private static void getForValue(List<String> cookies) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://ip:port/xxx";
        MultiValueMap<String, String> params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        params.add("key", "value");
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        httpHeaders.put(HttpHeaders.COOKIE, cookies);
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, httpHeaders);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class);
        String body = responseEntity.getBody();
        System.out.println(body);
    }

    // json提交請求，帶登陸cookie
    private static void jsonPost(List<String> cookies) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://ip:port/xxx";
        String jsonString = "{}"; // json字符串，可以嵌套多級
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        httpHeaders.put(HttpHeaders.COOKIE, cookies);
        MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        httpHeaders.setContentType(mediaType);
        httpHeaders.add("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.toString());
        HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(jsonString, httpHeaders);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
        String body = responseEntity.getBody();
        System.out.println(body);
    }

    // post提交請求，帶登陸cookie
    private static void postForValue(List<String> cookies) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://ip:port/xxx";
        MultiValueMap<String, String> params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        params.add("key", "value");
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        httpHeaders.put(HttpHeaders.COOKIE, cookies);
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, httpHeaders);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
        String body = responseEntity.getBody();
        System.out.println(body);
    }

    // 登陸請求，請求之後把cookie保留下來
    private static List<String> login() {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://ip:port/xxx";
        MultiValueMap<String, String> params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        params.add("key", "value");
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, httpHeaders);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
        HttpHeaders headers = responseEntity.getHeaders();
        return headers.get("Set-Cookie");
    }
}