用了10年Windows後，我最終轉向Linux

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我的Ubuntu桌面"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/34\/aa\/3430a146dc509898e7d2e0e11f2935aa.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果沒有裝操作系統，計算機就會變成毫無價值的設備，因爲操作系統是連接用戶和硬件的中間接口。人們根據自己的偏好和想做的事來選擇操作系統。此外，一些人不得不使用他們喜歡的硬件設備自帶的操作系統（比如，Apple電腦自帶的macOS系統）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我的第一臺計算機是一臺奔騰II。我購買時，它裝了Windows 98。此後，我用了幾個月的Windows 2000。和大部分Windows死忠粉一樣，我用了Windows XP和Windows7有很長時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在完全轉向Ubuntu之前，我最喜歡的操作系統是Windows 10。正如大家所說，免費是導致我們選擇一個Linux發行版操作系統而非一個專有操作系統的一個主要因素。但是，在他們爲Windows 7修改圖形用戶界面前，Windows對我來說都是可以的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我切換到Linux，主要是有以下幾個主要因素。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"穩定性和性能"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/46\/21\/4611401b37e6a3d1232bd3dbd410ff21.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 10需要至少8GB物理內存才能正常運行操作系統，但是當你同時運行多個應用程序時，擁有16GB物理內存確實會很有幫助。另一方面，最新版的Ubuntu用4GB內存就可以很好地運行，比Windows 10佔用的內存更少。個人認爲最新版的Windows的系統架構比較混亂，因爲大部分組件和模塊看起來比較臃腫，佔用太多內存。我猜其主要原因是微軟試圖通過在Windows XP之後插入新的模塊來更新現有的核心組件。Windows XP只需要128MB內存就比Ubuntu運行得快。例如，操作系統的某些部分由全新的現代UI元素（UWP）組成，而其它部分仍然使用老式的Windows 7風格的UI元素。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，Ubuntu將UI和系統核心進行了很好的分離。對於用得比較少的工具沒有提供圖形化的用戶界面。此外，Ubuntu在安裝時不會安裝所有東西，而是允許用戶在有特定需求時再安裝。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，Windows忽略了低端設備。毫無疑問的是，Windows更新機制令用戶頭疼，而Linux的系統更新比較平滑且對用戶友好。令人驚訝的是，新引入的Ubuntu"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/security\/livepatch","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"LivePatch"}]},{"type":"text","text":"甚至不需要重啓就可以更新內核。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"極簡主義和未來派設計"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最新版本的Ubuntu包含"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.gnome.org\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GNOME"}]},{"type":"text","text":"桌面環境，這是我的最愛。GNOME有一個極簡主義和未來派的設計，在所有地方都有一致的UI元素。重要的是，桌面圖標和工作臺之類的功能作爲擴展提供，有許多擴展可以根據你的喜好進行安裝。GNOME基本上給我們真正需要的東西，而不是過於複雜的所有東西。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"例如，只需要比較Ubuntu和Windows上的文件管理應用程序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/a2\/3b\/a2e3505a023999902a26f79bb25e3f3b.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ubuntu上的文件管理器(GNOME)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/48\/6f\/488030bd1c78c21a50126ab7949cca6f.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows上的文件瀏覽器"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發者友好的環境"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"要麼你扔錢用macOS，要麼你學習嘗試Linux，否則就使用Windows作爲另一種計算機用戶。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與Windows相比，Linux確實需要一些技術知識來上手。然而，Canonical團隊似乎正在努力改進Ubuntu，通過提供Ubuntu軟件商店之類的東西來滿足一般計算機用戶的需求。然而，開發者友好的環境是我轉向Ubuntu的一個主要原因。Ubuntu有非常有用的內置工具：GNU C\/C++編譯器集合、編譯等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，它比Windows更有效地運行Docker等容器化工具，因爲Linux架構對容器化理念的支持比Windows更好。Linux生態系統激勵我們在各種情景下使用命令行工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"即使是上下文菜單上的一個簡單菜單選項也會極大地激發開發者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/bc\/e2\/bc1637b2d3157135cf15b280320e0ae2.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ubuntu中終端（Terminal）選項上的打開（Open）菜單"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安全"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，安全性是任何數字平臺的一個主要關注點。無論在什麼地方，我們都面臨過至少一個惡意攻擊。當我使用Windows XP時，我就遇到了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brontok","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Brontok"}]},{"type":"text","text":"病毒引起的的問題。它總是每隔幾分鐘就打開一個web頁面。現在，大部分惡意程序都試圖竊取個人數據，對我們操作系統的安全性，我們需要三思。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相比於Windows，Linux在通用用戶領域仍然只有（~"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2%"},{"type":"text","text":"）的很少的市場份額。因此，針對Linux用戶的惡意程序並不多。同時，大約~"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"78%"},{"type":"text","text":"的使用Windows的個人電腦用戶受到惡意程序創建者的關注。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"操作系統安全並不僅僅與惡意軟件有關。身份驗證、硬件保護和網絡安全也是操作系統安全的一部分。Ubuntu源碼已經作爲一個開源項目發佈。因此，與Windows不同，Ubuntu檢測系統漏洞的可能性更高，因爲社區可以參與源代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結論"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在，所有東西都朝着雲生態系統發展，而且這是不可避免的。因此，操作系統成爲了填補用戶和硬件之間空白的一個代理。計算機硬件也日益變得越來越便宜，功能越來越強大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，混合應用程序正在取代與操作系統密切相關的原生應用程序。因此，對於普通用戶，計算機上運行哪個操作系統並不重要。但是，作爲開發者，我們真的非常關注這一點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/swlh\/why-i-switched-to-linux-after-using-windows-for-10-years-247de78058ef","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/medium.com\/swlh\/why-i-switched-to-linux-after-using-windows-for-10-years-247de78058ef"}]}]}]}