從HTTP到HTTP/3的發展簡史

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文最初發佈於scorpil.com網站，經原作者授權由InfoQ中文站翻譯並分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然HTTP\/3規範仍處於起草階段，但最新版本的Chrome瀏覽器已經默認支持它了。Chrome擁有約70％的瀏覽器市場份額，所以，可以說HTTP\/3已經進入主流世界。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/9e\/96\/9ed13ec94ca638796013e930dc0b6d96.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這一基礎協議的最新修訂版旨在讓Web更加高效、安全並縮短內容交付延遲。從某些角度來說，它是HTTP2的完善：通過使用新的專用協議QUIC替換基礎TCP協議來解決和之前類似的目標。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"想要弄明白QUIC的優點，最好的辦法是講清楚TCP作爲HTTP請求的傳輸方式有哪些不足之處。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲此，我們將從頭開始細細道來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HTTP：起源"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1991年，當蒂姆·伯納斯·李爵士設計出一個簡單的單行超文本交換協議時，TCP已經是一個古老而可靠的協議了。前者的原始定義文檔（也就是後人熟知的HTTP 0.9）特別提到TCP是首選的（儘管並非唯一的）傳輸協議："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：HTTP當前運行在TCP上，但也可以運行在任何面向連接的服務上。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然，HTTP的這個概念驗證版本與我們現在所知道和喜歡的HTTP幾乎沒有相似之處。沒有標頭，也沒有狀態碼。典型的請求只有"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"GET\/path"}]},{"type":"text","text":"而已。響應僅包含HTML，且TCP連接關閉就會結束。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}