.NET5發佈，這個微軟“全家桶”會是.NET的春天嗎？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在全面開源的步伐下，微軟也逐步跟上了腳步，作爲微軟最早邁向開源的重要軟件之一，.NET 5的發佈對微軟及其使用者都具有重要意義。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟未來目標是將所有的 .NET 組件整合到一個產品下，然後用戶可以根據需求使用 .NET 的某個部分，而不是單獨下載或安裝所有內容。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於Visual Studio用戶，需要Visual Studio 16.8或更高的版本才能在Windows上使用.NET 5.0，在MacOS上使用最新版本的Visual Studio for Mac)。Visual Studio Code的C#擴展也已經支持.NET5.0和C#9。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"NET 5.0是.NET統一之旅的第一個版本。微軟希望 .NET Framework 開發者能夠遷移他們的代碼和應用到 .NET 5.0 上，爲明年發佈的 .NET 6.0 將 Xamarin 開發者過渡到統一平臺奠定基礎。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"版本發佈時間軸：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/26/262e73f5b4884ac289066657e54df64c.jpeg","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET Core 3.0 已於2019/09推出","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET Core 3.1 已於 2019/12推出，爲 LTS (Long Term Support，長期支援版)，之後.NET Core 將更名.NET，固定每年釋出新版，並定義雙數版號爲LTS版，單數版號爲Current版。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 5.0 2020/11","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 6.0 LTS 2021/11","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 7.0 2022/11","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 8.0 LTS 2023/11","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如有興趣，可以體驗一下，歷來發佈資料及地址：https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/5.0","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/56/56bac10b45c8c571256829f2a62cb47b.jpeg","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/da/dae3415522546f285ec7c0de5e48bd45.jpeg","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 5.0是.NET Framework和.NET Core核心的結合，旨在統一.NET平臺。.NET 5.0毫無疑問代表的是.NET的未來，但是目前國內大部分企業使用的依然是.NET Framework，不過長期來看，升級似乎不可避免。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/6b/6ba2d6f86b88c95780a298e8fc92a187.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了充分論證.NET5的性能，自首個預覽版發佈以來微軟已經進行了廣泛的內部部署，除了在 .NET 5.0 上運行.NET網站外，Bing也在使用這個新平臺。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"並在此次更新中強調了一些比較顯著的變化，包括一些性能上的改進。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是微軟發佈的此版本的相關亮點：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1..NET 5.0 已經部署到 http://dot.net和 http://Bing.com 託管數月，已經得到了實戰檢驗。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.很多組件的性能都得到了極大的提高。.NET 5.0 中 ARM64 的性能 和 GRPC 等都有改善","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.C# 9和F# 5提供了新的語言改進，如C# 9的頂層程序和記錄，而F# 5則提供了交互式編程和.NET上功能編程的性能提升。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4..NET庫對Json序列化、正則表達式和HTTP（HTTP 1.1、HTTP/2）的性能有所提升。它們現在也被完全註釋爲可空性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5.由於GC、分層編譯等方面的完善，P95延遲有所下降。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6.應用部署選項更好了，有了ClickOnce客戶端應用發佈、單文件應用、容器鏡像尺寸減小，並增加了Server Core容器鏡像。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7.平臺範圍擴大，增加了WindowsArm64和WebAssembly。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"8.一個值得注意的變化是，.NET 5.0應用可以原生運行在ARM64 Windows設備上，消除了仿真帶來的一些性能障礙。然而，在這個版本中，Windows 桌面組件並不能用於ARM64設備--這計劃在.NET 5.0的服務更新中進行。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近幾年.NET Core 的開源項目也非常活躍，隨着.net5的發佈，這些項目將會逐步整合到.net5及之後的版本中。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"但是有幾點需要特別注意：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前的.NET5雖然已經足夠強，但嚴格來說依然屬於實現階段，.NET6.0或許更值得期待。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前關於.net5的挺多升級並未在實際中討論，例如正則性能提升，靜態正則緩存；Kestrel 的通信性能提升，支持Http3； 證書互轉，增強 SSL 通信；readonly struct 在內部的應用；HttpClient 人性化的 Api，支持 webassembly， 支持序列化結果，支持 Quic 等；Json 支持字段序列化，只讀類型序列化，Web類型序列化，循環引用序列化等特性；GC 可分配 no zero 的內存空間，分配“固定住”的大堆空間，GCMemoryInfo 等等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果並沒有急切的需求，目前並不建議升級至5.0，可以將5.0作爲研究跳板，在明年微軟發佈6.0LTS長期維護版本的時候再考慮升級，降低風險。當然，這個需要根據實際情況進行評估。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"......","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"接下來","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，放一個.NET Core3.1升級.NET5可能遇到的坑，以作參考，不需要的可以略過此部分，作者“dotnet跨平臺”。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/55/55c7dfb0dbc8ec75cbb6965f58ef43c8.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前Scott Hunter在博客信誓旦旦.NET Core3.1平滑遷移.NET5，於是當天就去升級我的寶藏項目，結果是大坑沒有，小坑不斷，折騰了一天時間才搞定，下面來仔細捋一捋，給搭建提供點參考。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"背景介紹","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"升級的項目是之前開源在Github上，也曾一週新增300star，後面雖因故關閉了，但我個人是非常用心的。這不.NET5剛發佈，第一時間就開始了升級。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"項目是個微信小程序商城，後端是微服務架構支撐的，Ocelot網關+Consul服務註冊發現+Core WebApi+gRPC+IdentityServer4都安排上了，整體還是比較複雜的，MongoDB、Redis、RabbitMQ也都安排上了，然後就在.NET Core3.1升級.NET5的過程中，各種踩坑。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/9c/9cd8a3b7eb17a45d454807c853841087.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"VS升級坑","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"升級的第一個坑來自於VS工具升級！之前.NET5預覽版、RC1、RC2都是用的Visual Studio 2019 Preview,這會兒.NET5正式版發現只需要把Visual Studio 2019升級到V16.8即可，然後就興沖沖的升級去了，結果當頭一棒：Visual Studio Installer提示網絡未連接無法下載！當然不是我的網絡問題，其實是DNS解析上出了毛病(部分用戶會遇到，解決辦法是把電腦的DNS設置爲8.8.8.8即可)，但畢竟當時是11號凌晨，以爲是微軟官方同步不夠，我就選擇換工具，直接去Linux下用VS Code升級了，然後就開始了第二波環境坑！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經驗：如果遇到Visual Studio Installer提示網絡未連接無法下載，可以將當前電腦DNS設置爲8.8.8.8即可","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linux環境坑","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linux環境下VS 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Core3.1升級到.NET5非常easy，在 global.json 中將SDK版本從3.1升級成5.0，再將TargetFramework從netcoreapp3.1換成net5.0即可。還有部分類庫命名空間變化完全沒關係，宇宙第一IDE的智能提示輕鬆解決。但是，在真實項目遷移過程中，我卻遇到了各種小問題：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1.Core WebApi框架模板項目中默認集成了swagger，這個是新增的，但之前項目有一些自定義配置和擴展，也導致了衝突。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.IdentityServer4第三方框架版本升級，API變化很有點多，改動不了不少代碼，這個鍋雖然不是.NET5的，但也是升級項目會遇到的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.嘗試C#9花了一些時間，想體驗下新語法新特性，如Native ints原生Ints、Pattern matching improvements模式匹配改進版，結果幾次把自己繞進去了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4.項目升級完發現的Bug，DateTime這個天天見的值出現了變化，在 ASP.NET Core 3.1 及更早版本中，DateTime綁定的是服務器本地時間，而5.0之後，DateTime綁定的是UTCTime。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://www.learun.cn/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Learun","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":".net","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}