深入瞭解 Julia 中的數據結構

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"本文最初發表於 Towards Data Science 博客，經原作者 Emmett Boudreau 授權，InfoQ 中文站翻譯並分享。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"引言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在之前的 Julia 綜合教程迭代中，我們介紹瞭如何在類型和函數中使用 Julia 的多分派（multiple dispatch）。多分派是一種簡單的系統，用於在相同的方法參數下，將不同的類型應用於不同的函數調用。該結構中的關鍵組件是類型，更具體地說，是數據類型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"譯註"},{"type":"text","text":"：多分派（multiple dispatch），又稱多重派發，是某些編程語言的一種特性，函數或者方法的分配取決於運行時參數的對象類型。它是對方法調用只能由調用者決定的單分派的擴展。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據類型是計算機編程的基礎。任何編程工作都涉及操作、移動和處理基本數據類型。在該語言中創建的類型本身就是其他類型的容器，這些類型通常數據類型。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基本數據類型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們可以在 Julia 編程語言中存儲的第一種數據類型是基本數據類型。基本數據類型包括數字、文本、字符和布爾值等數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"布爾類型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"布爾類型（boolean）是指示條件是否爲真的類型。布爾值既可以用 true\/false（真 \/ 假） 表示（最終會濃縮爲 1 或 0），也可以僅用表示類型條件的整數（1 或 0）表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"arduino"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"typeof(true)\nBool\n"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同樣，我們也可以在 Julia 語言中將布爾值斷言爲表示 ture 或 false 的整數："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"arduino"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Bool(1)\ntrue\n"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"整數類型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}