Linux实用工具-lvm(4)

迁移硬盘至其它主机

1、当前旧主机情况

假设旧主机名称 vmcnszs212 ,磁盘部署如下:

root@vmcnszs212:/home/szscm# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sda3  /dev/sda4  /dev/sdb  /dev/sdb1
root@vmcnszs212:/home/szscm# ls /dev/vg1/lv1 
/dev/vg1/lv1
root@vmcnszs212:/home/szscm# pvs
  PV         VG  Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree
  /dev/sdb1  vg1 lvm2 a--  <128.00g    0 
root@vmcnszs212:/home/szscm# vgs
  VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  vg1   1   1   0 wz--n- <128.00g    0 
root@vmcnszs212:/home/szscm# lvs
  LV   VG  Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv1  vg1 -wi-ao---- <128.00g   
root@vmcnszs212:/home2# mount |grep sda
/dev/sda4 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda2 on /boot type ext4 (rw,relatime)
root@vmcnszs212:/home/szscm# cd /
root@vmcnszs212:/# df -h .
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda4       108G   31G   73G  30% /
root@vmcnszs212:/# cd /home2/
root@vmcnszs212:/home2# df -h .
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1  126G   61M  120G   1% /home2

也就是说,

  1. 主机 vmcnszs212 有两块硬盘: 对应 /dev/sda, /dev/sdb
  2. 第一块硬盘分了四个区:对应 /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sda3, /dev/sda4
  3. 第二块硬盘分了一个区:对应 /dev/sdb1
  4. 第一块硬盘用作系统分区: 分区 /dev/sda1,3 未用, /dev/sda2 挂载 /boot 路径, /dev/sda3 挂载 / 根路径。
  5. 第二块硬盘用LVM管理,对应的vg1组与lv1,并挂载对应的 /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1/home2 路径中。

2、新主机的期望情况

假设我们想将用户数据硬盘迁移至新主机(假设是vmcnszs218),通过前面信息,我们可知实际的用户数据在 /home2 中,而 /home2 存在于 /dev/sdb 的LVM卷中。所以需要将 /dev/sdb 硬盘安装在 vmcnszs218 主机中。

迁移后,我们假设新主机本身系统中有一个同样的 /home2 目录,其中就是之前旧 vmcnszs212 主机 /dev/sdb 中的内容。

后面讲述迁移硬盘的过程。

3、迁移数据硬盘

不能简单的安装,遵循如下步骤:

在旧主机上

  1. umount所有卷组的逻辑卷

    #umount /home2
    
  2. 禁用卷组

    #vgchange -a n vg1
    0 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg1" now active
    #lvdisplay
    --- Logical volume ---
    LV Path                /dev/vg1/lv1
    LV Name                lv1
    VG Name                vg1
    LV UUID                ns20pO-ow9P-eeFR-56xW-p8L0-lVHM-xEJ7GE
    LV Write Access        read/write
    LV Creation host, time vmcnszs212, 2020-07-23 01:56:15 +0000
    LV Status              NOT available
    LV Size                <128.00 GiB
    Current LE             32767
    Segments               1
    Allocation             inherit
    Read ahead sectors     auto
    

    此时,我们也无法在系统路径中看到 /dev/vg1/lv1 路径了。

  3. 导出卷组

    #vgexport vg1
    Volume group "vg1" successfully exported
    #pvscan
    PV /dev/sdb1    is in exported VG vg1 [<128.00 GiB / 0    free]
    Total: 1 [<128.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [<128.00 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]
    #vgdisplay 
    --- Volume group ---
    VG Name               vg1
    System ID             
    Format                lvm2
    Metadata Areas        1
    Metadata Sequence No  3
    VG Access             read/write
    VG Status             exported/resizable
    MAX LV                0
    Cur LV                1
    Open LV               0
    Max PV                0
    Cur PV                1
    Act PV                1
    VG Size               <128.00 GiB
    PE Size               4.00 MiB
    Total PE              32767
    Alloc PE / Size       32767 / <128.00 GiB
    Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
    VG UUID               xDrErD-tq0K-qETy-ICnE-QaL5-qpjt-7CjTWN
    

    最后,拆下旧主机 /dev/sdb 对应的硬盘,安装在目标机器上。

新主机上

  1. 查看磁盘信息

    szscm@vmcnszs218:~$ ls /dev/sd
    sda   sda1  sda2  sdb   sdb1 
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# pvdisplay
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" of volume group "vg1" is exported
      --- Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdb1
      VG Name               vg1 (exported)
      PV Size               <128.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
      Allocatable           yes (but full)
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              32767
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          32767
      PV UUID               73jNBw-GVPw-Wtob-FD3g-r3uU-gsib-Acxjo8
    
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# vgdisplay
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg1
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  5
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             exported/resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                1
      Open LV               0
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               <128.00 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              32767
      Alloc PE / Size       32767 / <128.00 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               xDrErD-tq0K-qETy-ICnE-QaL5-qpjt-7CjTWN
    
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# lvdisplay
    

    其中 sdbsdb1 就是包含LVM的磁盘。

  2. 导入卷组

    # vgimport vg1
      Volume group "vg1" successfully imported
    
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# pvdisplay
      --- Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdb1
      VG Name               vg1  
      PV Size               <128.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
      Allocatable           yes (but full)
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              32767
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          32767
      PV UUID               73jNBw-GVPw-Wtob-FD3g-r3uU-gsib-Acxjo8
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# vgdisplay
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg1
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  4
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                1
      Open LV               0
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               <128.00 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              32767
      Alloc PE / Size       32767 / <128.00 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               xDrErD-tq0K-qETy-ICnE-QaL5-qpjt-7CjTWN
    
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# lvdisplay
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Path                /dev/vg1/lv1
      LV Name                lv1
      VG Name                vg1
      LV UUID                ns20pO-ow9P-eeFR-56xW-p8L0-lVHM-xEJ7GE
      LV Write Access        read/write
      LV Creation host, time vmcnszs212, 2020-07-23 01:56:15 +0000
      LV Status              NOT available
      LV Size                <128.00 GiB
      Current LE             32767
      Segments               1
      Allocation             inherit
      Read ahead sectors     auto
    
  3. 启用卷组

    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# vgchange -ay vg1
      1 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg1" now active
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# pvdisplay
      --- Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdb1
      VG Name               vg1  
      PV Size               <128.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
      Allocatable           yes (but full)
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              32767
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          32767
      PV UUID               73jNBw-GVPw-Wtob-FD3g-r3uU-gsib-Acxjo8
    
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# vgdisplay
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg1
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  4
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                1
      Open LV               0
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               <128.00 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              32767
      Alloc PE / Size       32767 / <128.00 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               xDrErD-tq0K-qETy-ICnE-QaL5-qpjt-7CjTWN
    root@vmcnszs218:/home/szscm# lvdisplay
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Path                /dev/vg1/lv1
      LV Name                lv1 
      VG Name                vg1 
      LV UUID                ns20pO-ow9P-eeFR-56xW-p8L0-lVHM-xEJ7GE
      LV Write Access        read/write
      LV Creation host, time vmcnszs212, 2020-07-23 01:56:15 +0000
      LV Status              available
      # open                 0   
      LV Size                <128.00 GiB
      Current LE             32767
      Segments               1   
      Allocation             inherit
      Read ahead sectors     auto
      - currently set to     256 
      Block device           253:0
    
  4. 挂载逻辑卷

    root@vmcnszs218:~# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /home2/
    root@vmcnszs218:~# ls
    snap
    root@vmcnszs218:~# cd /home2/
    root@vmcnszs218:/home2# ls
    lost+found  share  test
    

    至此,磁盘迁移完毕。

其它

另外实践也发现,不做任何操作,直接关掉旧主机,拔掉硬盘;然后将硬盘安装到新主机并且开机后,能够直接看到 /dev/vg1/lv1 并且挂载后能够直接看到原主机 /dev/sdb 的内容(可能是磁盘的结构一样都是两个磁盘的原因吧)。

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