搭建私有云存儲系統-NextCloud 安裝啓動 配置 使用 問題 其它

這裏主要介紹使用Docker方式部署NextCloud的過程。

安裝啓動

$docker pull nextcloud
$docker pull mysql
$mkdir /home/nextcloud

way1: basic docker

$docker run --name mysql -v ?:? -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=12345678 -p 33306:3306 -d mysql
$docker exec -it mysql mysql -u root -p
  CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;
  GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
  flush privileges;
  exit;
$docker run --name nextcloud --link mysql:nextcloud_db -p 80:80 -v /home/nextcloud:/var/www/html/ -d nextcloud

way2: docker-compose

#mkdir -p /home/nextcloud/mysql
#mkdir -p /home/nextcloud/www/html
#chown -R www-data:root /home/nextcloud
$docker network create nextcloud_net
$cat docker-compose.yml
version: '2'

services:
        db:
                container_name: mysql_db
                image: mysql
                volumes:
                        - "/home/nextcloud/mysql:/var/lib/mysql"
                restart: always
                environment:
                        MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 12345678
                        MYSQL_DATABASE: nextcloud
        app:
                container_name: nextcloud_app
                depends_on:
                        - db
                image: nextcloud
                volumes:
                        - "/home/nextcloud/www/html:/var/www/html"
                        - "/home/share:/home/share"
                links:
                        - db
                ports:
                        - 80:80
                restart: always

networks:
        default:
                external:
                        name: nextcloud_net
$docker-compose up -d

數據庫初始信息

容器內

在 mysql_db 啓動後，立即檢查初始數據庫信息如下：

# mysql --user=root --password=12345678
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.21 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| NULL       |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| nextcloud          |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use nextcloud
Database changed

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

宿主機

szscm@vmcnszs207:/home/nextcloud/mysql$ ls
 auto.cnf        ca-key.pem       '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'   ib_logfile0     mysql                private_key.pem   sys
 binlog.000001   ca.pem           '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'   ib_logfile1     mysql.ibd            public_key.pem    undo_001
 binlog.000002   client-cert.pem   ib_buffer_pool       ibtmp1          nextcloud            server-cert.pem   undo_002
 binlog.index    client-key.pem    ibdata1             '#innodb_temp'   performance_schema   server-key.pem

雜亂

version: '2'  
services:  
  db:  
    container_name: cloud_db  
    image: mysql:5.7
    volumes:  
      - "/home/mysql:/var/lib/mysql"  
    restart: always  
    environment:  
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: mysql_root_pwd  #mysql root用戶密碼，nextcloud後續初始化需要使用。
      MYSQL_DATABASE: nextcloud   #專爲nextcloud新建的數據庫，nextcloud後續初始化需要使用。
  app:  
    container_name: cloud_app
    depends_on:  
      - db
    image: nextcloud
    volumes:  
      - /home/nextcloud:/var/www/html

    links:  
      - db
    ports:  
      - "80:80"  # 前一個80是宿主機也就是阿里雲主機對外的端口號，需注意阿里雲主機安全組規則是否開放了這個端口。
    restart: always  
  cron:  
    container_name: cloud_cron  
    image: nextcloud  
    links:  
      - db  
    volumes_from:  
      - app  
    user: www-data  
    entrypoint: |  
      bash -c 'bash -s <<EOF  
      trap "break;exit" SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM  
      while /bin/true; do  
        /usr/local/bin/php /var/www/html/cron.php  
        sleep 900  
      done  
      EOF'  
    restart: always  
networks:  
  default:  
    external:  
      name: nextcloud

關於容器更多使用，需要參考： https://hub.docker.com/_/nextcloud/

因爲計劃使用數據庫，需要藉助：–link db_nextcloud:db_nextcloud是因爲要鏈接數據庫的docker。

• https://www.jianshu.com/p/f1eb37d0e97d: doker compose 啓動nextcloud
• https://www.cnblogs.com/steinven/p/11357295.html: docker手動啓動nextcloud

配置

數據庫配置

初始化配置

首次打開網頁： 172.16.246.207 進入NextCloud初始頁面。

• 設置NEXTCLOUD管理員賬戶密碼
• 數據目錄選擇： /var/www/html/data
• 選擇MySQL數據庫
• 輸入MySQL的root賬戶密碼:root/12345678
• 選擇MySQL數據庫
• 選擇MySQL主機

如下：

最後點擊完成。

初始化配置後的數據庫信息

這裏只在 mysql_db 容器內查看相關內容即可。如下

root@3159365f7181:/# mysql --user=root --password=12345678
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 60
Server version: 8.0.21 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| NULL       |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| nextcloud          |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use nextcloud
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------------+
| Tables_in_nextcloud         |
+-----------------------------+
| oc_accounts                 |
| oc_activity                 |
| oc_activity_mq              |
| oc_addressbookchanges       |
| oc_addressbooks             |
| oc_appconfig                |
| oc_authtoken                |
| oc_bruteforce_attempts      |
| oc_calendar_invitations     |
| oc_calendar_reminders       |
| oc_calendar_resources       |
| oc_calendar_resources_md    |
| oc_calendar_rooms           |
| oc_calendar_rooms_md        |
| oc_calendarchanges          |
| oc_calendarobjects          |
| oc_calendarobjects_props    |
| oc_calendars                |
| oc_calendarsubscriptions    |
| oc_cards                    |
| oc_cards_properties         |
| oc_collres_accesscache      |
| oc_collres_collections      |
| oc_collres_resources        |
| oc_comments                 |
| oc_comments_read_markers    |
| oc_credentials              |
| oc_dav_cal_proxy            |
| oc_dav_shares               |
| oc_direct_edit              |
| oc_directlink               |
| oc_federated_reshares       |
| oc_file_locks               |
| oc_filecache                |
| oc_filecache_extended       |
| oc_files_trash              |
| oc_flow_checks              |
| oc_flow_operations          |
| oc_flow_operations_scope    |
| oc_group_admin              |
| oc_group_user               |
| oc_groups                   |
| oc_jobs                     |
| oc_login_flow_v2            |
| oc_migrations               |
| oc_mimetypes                |
| oc_mounts                   |
| oc_notifications            |
| oc_notifications_pushtokens |
| oc_oauth2_access_tokens     |
| oc_oauth2_clients           |
| oc_preferences              |
| oc_privacy_admins           |
| oc_properties               |
| oc_recent_contact           |
| oc_schedulingobjects        |
| oc_share                    |
| oc_share_external           |
| oc_storages                 |
| oc_systemtag                |
| oc_systemtag_group          |
| oc_systemtag_object_mapping |
| oc_text_documents           |
| oc_text_sessions            |
| oc_text_steps               |
| oc_trusted_servers          |
| oc_twofactor_backupcodes    |
| oc_twofactor_providers      |
| oc_user_transfer_owner      |
| oc_users                    |
| oc_vcategory                |
| oc_vcategory_to_object      |
| oc_webauthn                 |
| oc_whats_new                |
+-----------------------------+
74 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
mysql> select * from oc_users;
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| uid   | displayname | password                                                                                            | uid_lower |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| szscm | NULL        | 3|$argon2id$v=19$m=65536,t=4,p=1$Z1pnTGovd0ZDT1g0LmpqbQ$nDjmkB85OP6Lm8DDImFh/60QxHDU0D21HIiErTuNNcA | szscm     |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_accounts;
Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_group_admin;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_group_user;
+-------+-------+
| gid   | uid   |
+-------+-------+
| admin | szscm |
+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_groups;
+-------+-------------+
| gid   | displayname |
+-------+-------------+
| admin | admin       |
+-------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_credentials;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_user_transfer_owner;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

可見，建立了很多表。

用戶管理

方法一：圖形界面

在瀏覽器登入NextCloud的管理員用戶後，新建 test 用戶, 分組爲 szic 。

過程如下：

添加szic羣組

選擇 配置->添加分組, 輸入 szic

如下：

添加test用戶

選擇 配置->新建用戶, 輸入 test 以及相關信息。這裏密碼設置是： 123456 。

如下：

注意： 由於默認要求必須用8位高強度密碼，如果想要去掉這個限制，需要在頁面中找到 設置->管理->安全 進行密碼規則設定：

方法二：命令行方式

登陸nextcloud的容器

$docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                 NAMES
2de00e21130c        nextcloud           "/entrypoint.sh apac…"   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    nextcloud_app
3159365f7181        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 days ago          Up 3 days           3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql_db

$docker exec -it -u www-data nextcloud_app /bin/bash
www-data@2de00e21130c:~/html$export OC_PASS="123456"
www-data@2de00e21130c:~/html$php /var/www/html/occ user:add --password-from-env --display-name="test" --group="szic"  "test"

這樣便建立默認密碼爲 123456 用戶組爲 szic 的用戶 test, 如果不用 --password-from-env 則需手動輸入密碼。

查看數據庫

添加完用戶後，相關的數據庫信息

root@3159365f7181:/# mysql --user=root --password=12345678
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 120
Server version: 8.0.21 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use nextcloud
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from oc_users;
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| uid   | displayname | password                                                                                            | uid_lower |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| szscm | NULL        | 3|$argon2id$v=19$m=65536,t=4,p=1$Z1pnTGovd0ZDT1g0LmpqbQ$nDjmkB85OP6Lm8DDImFh/60QxHDU0D21HIiErTuNNcA | szscm     |
| test  | NULL        | 3|$argon2id$v=19$m=65536,t=4,p=1$V09Jc2IwMzZqdjVMSDNVVw$ff+VwF+3Mrj4KeOIU6GdbAyAuQCubTYbI4qu5HHIcUY | test      |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_accounts;
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| uid   | data                                                                                                                                     

                                                                                             |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| szscm | {"displayname":{"value":"szscm","scope":"contacts","verified":"0"},"address":{"value":"","scope":"private","verified":"0"},"website":{"value":"","scope":"private","verified":"0"},"email":{"value":null,"scope":"contacts","verified":"0"},"avatar":{"scope":"contacts"},"phone":{"value":"","scope":"private","verified":"0"},"twitter":{"value":"","scope":"private","verified":"0"}} |
| test  | {"displayname":{"value":"test","scope":"contacts","verified":"0"},"address":{"value":"","scope":"private","verified":"0"},"website":{"value":"","scope":"private","verified":"0"},"email":{"value":null,"scope":"contacts","verified":"0"},"avatar":{"scope":"contacts"},"phone":{"value":"","scope":"private","verified":"0"},"twitter":{"value":"","scope":"private","verified":"0"}}  |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_group_admin;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from oc_group_user;
+-------+-------+
| gid   | uid   |
+-------+-------+
| admin | szscm |
| szic  | test  |
+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_groups;
+-------+-------------+
| gid   | displayname |
+-------+-------------+
| admin | admin       |
| szic  | szic        |
+-------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_credentials;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from oc_user_transfer_owner;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

默認文件

某個用戶登陸NextCloud後會看到默認的文件。

這些默認文件的存放在： /home/nextcloud/www/html/core/skeleton, 如果修改這裏的內容，那麼新用戶登陸看到的默認文件也隨之變化。但是，當Nextcloud升級時，這個 core/skeleton 就會被替換，你所做的修改也就不存在了。

如果自定義配置：
config/config.php,
自定義默認文件添加如下：

'skeletondirectory' => 'core/custom_skeleton',

這樣，Nextcloud在安裝或創建新用戶時就會從core/custom_skeleton複製文件，當Nextcloud更新時，這個目錄也不會被替換以至於丟失自定義的默認文件。

'skeletondirectory' => '',

這樣Nextcloud就不會去複製任何文件，這樣用戶的文件夾默認就是空的。

使用

客戶端下載: https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients

問題

主機與NextCloud數據同步

NEXTCLOUD數據存於磁盤，但是網頁上只能看到nextcloud中上傳的文件，看不到手動傳輸到對應數據目錄的文件。

默認數據存放位置：

與主機共享數據的方案

方案1、webdav掛載

1、安裝 davfs2
2、輸入命令進行掛載
mount -t davfs http://webdav地址 /掛載路徑
3、根據提示輸入用戶名及密碼

方案2、掃描文件同步

# nextcloud={nextcloud安裝目錄}
# cd $nextcloud
# su -s /bin/bash -c “/usr/bin/php $nextcloud/occ file:scan” apache

期間的問題

實時同步

結合 inotify，使用舉例：

#!/bin/bash
#inotifywait -mr --timefmt '%d/%m/%y %H:%M' --format '%T %w %f' -e create,attrib,move,delete,modify,close_write ./notify_check | \

lastpath=""
inotifywait -mr --timefmt '%d/%m/%y %H:%M' --format '%T %w %f' -e create,modify,delete,move ./notify_check | \
        while read d t p f; do
                echo "time is:$d$t"
                echo "file path is: $p$f"
                #Don't process with action if event happens in same filepath
                if [ "x$lastpath" != "x$p$f" ]
                then
                        echo "Action path:$p$f!"
                        lastpath=$p$f
                fi
        done

其中檢測到文件變化的動作，改成 occ file:scan 即可（有待實踐）。

文件夾部署

默認nextcloud中上傳的數據存儲路徑是： /var/www/html/data/<username>/files , 如果沒有上傳過數據，就沒有 files 文件夾。

所以部署上我們可以這樣：

$mkdir -p /home/share/nextcloud_files
$ln -s /var/www/html/data/<username>/files /home/share/nextcloud_files/<username>

但是問題是nextcloud的數據目錄： /var/www/html/data 有權限的控制，導致其它人（除了 root 與 www-data ）無法訪問，　進而創建的軟連接也無法進行了。目前只能手動用 chmod 方式修改，過一段時間或重啓後自動恢復成不可訪問了。

其它

一些計劃

一些參考

數據遷移：https://help.nextcloud.com/t/tutorial-how-to-migrate-mass-data-to-a-new-nextcloud-server/9418/20

參考： https://www.cnblogs.com/zhouzhifei/p/11548503.html

來源：https://wzfou.com/question/9883/

baoang54        2018年11月23日  0 個評論
站長推薦過這個私有云工具，在ownCloud 和它之間我選了後者，安裝什麼的照站長的說明順利完成倒不難，但一段時間用下來有個問題。
有些東西我可以從網上下載，一般是用wget ，那我就找到它的數據目錄，比如Nextcloud /data /user ，大概是這個，然後運行wget 就下到這裏。我的想法是如此操作後，通過網頁登陸或手機客戶端登錄後能在網盤裏看到這個文件，可是試過之後發現網盤或網頁登錄後沒有這個下載的文件。
想問站長，理論上我的想法應當是對的，但爲什麼顯示不出來呢？是否Nextcloud 還需要進行其他的配置？

Avatar for 逗婦乳       
逗婦乳14        回答於2018年11月28日 1 評論
nextcloud 列出文件都是查詢數據庫記錄的，你手動添加的文件是沒有記錄信息的，需要手動掃描
# nextcloud={nextcloud安裝目錄}
# cd $nextcloud
# su -s /bin/bash -c “/usr/bin/php $nextcloud/occ file:scan” apache

baoang 評論於 2018年11月28日
Avatar for 逗婦乳
baoang 評論於 2018年11月28日
哦，原來是這樣。 看了下官方論壇的文檔： https://help.nextcloud.com/t/tutorial-how-to-migrate-mass-data-to-a-new-nextcloud-server/ 結果想到那個關鍵的php——我編譯LEMP的時候用了個參數： –disable-cli 這下使不上勁了

來源：https://www.cnblogs.com/gaosf/p/11690601.html

創建 nextcloud 所需的數據庫和賬戶

打開數據庫管理命令行,默認root沒密碼，回車進入
sudo mysql -u root -p

創建 nextcloud 數據庫,命令包含後面的分號
CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;

//創建用戶nextclouduser，password可自定義
create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextpassword';

//用以下命令授予必要的權限爲數據庫和用戶授權
grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextpassword'; 

//用命令更新數據庫配置:
flush privileges;
注意操作時，指令後需加‘；’使執行

來源：https://blog.xiaolee.net/zt/679.html

1、安裝 davfs2
2、輸入命令進行掛載
mount -t davfs http://webdav地址 /掛載路徑
3、根據提示輸入用戶名及密碼