漫話比特幣（一）：基於交易的記賬系統

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2008年中本聰發佈比特幣白皮書《比特幣：一種點對點的電子現金系統》至今已十年有餘，彈指一揮間，比特幣從技術極客的玩具發展到現如今體量接近3000億美元的抗通脹價值存儲，比特幣底層依賴的區塊鏈技術更是在各行各業遍地開花。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這十年間，關於比特幣的媒體報道從未停止過，見諸報端的，時而是一夜造富的神話；時而是龐氏騙局、擊鼓傳花的警告，更有垂直網站在過去十年間無數次地宣告：比特幣已死。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼，比特幣到底是什麼？它是一種貨幣嗎？它到底是何方神聖、亦或是蠱惑人心的妖孽？溯本清源，要追尋這些問題的答案，咱們還是得從比特幣系統的原理說起。如果說熙熙攘攘的數字貨幣市場是繁華的鬧市，那麼我們不如退隱山林，做個與世無爭的山中居士，靜靜地翻開比特幣的白皮書，沉下心來去了解比特幣系統乃至區塊鏈技術是如何工作的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲此，InfoQ與FreeWheel技術專家吳磊獨家合作了系列專欄《漫話比特幣》，與各位讀者一同探索比特幣及區塊鏈技術的奧祕。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在開始之前，"},{"type":"text","text":"咱們先來澄清兩個緊密相連而又有所區別的概念：比特幣系統與比特幣代幣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"o"},{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","text":"比特幣系統（Bitcoin）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"o"},{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","text":"比特幣代幣（BTC）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比特幣系統，指代的是基於點對點分佈式網絡、區塊鏈存儲、計算機安全等技術實現的去中心化交易系統。比特幣代幣，是由比特幣系統‘發行’、附贈的加密數字貨幣（CryptoCurrency），大家平時聽到的“比特幣又漲了！”通常指代的都是比特幣代幣。在不同的場合與上下文語境中，比特幣一詞被頻繁地交叉引用，時而指代比特幣系統，時而指代比特幣代幣。因此，爲了避免概念的混淆，在探討比特幣的過程中，我們對不同的名詞與概念的對應關係做如下約定："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"o"},{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","text":"比特幣系統：Bitcoin，比特幣，比特幣電子現金系統，比特幣交易系統"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"o"},{"type":"text","text":"  "},{"type":"text","text":"比特幣代幣：BTC"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"換句話說，在咱們的專欄裏，Bitcoin、比特幣、比特幣系統、比特幣交易系統以及比特幣電子現金系統指代的都是比特幣系統層面的概念；而比特幣Token或BTC指代比特幣代幣，也就是數字貨幣市場中帶價格屬性的BTC。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"言歸正傳，說起比特幣，就不得不提中本聰（Satoshi Nakamoto）的白皮書《比特幣：一種點對點的電子現金系統》。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}