自動駕駛基礎架構演進中的矛盾與思考

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"滴滴開始做自動駕駛可以追溯到2016年。4年來，整個行業經歷過大衆的狂歡與圍觀，也經歷過資本的追捧與冷靜。由於今天的技術還處於比較早期，自動駕駛作爲“還沒有被真正做成“的事情，外界對技術長期主義的不解與質疑也客觀存在。本文將從自動駕駛基礎架構面臨的挑戰出發，客觀聊聊在技術演進過程中，這個方向上的一些矛盾權衡以及背後思考。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關於自動駕駛基礎架構"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎架構在互聯網行業中，是一個相對比較成熟的領域。然而在自動駕駛領域，卻是一個新鮮的話題。基礎架構的工作包括硬件、onboard（車載系統）、雲端三大板塊。在我們認爲，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"自動駕駛領域中 “基礎架構” 的核心價值，是爲自動駕駛提供恰到好處的、全方位的技術保障。在自動駕駛系統中，如果說感知是眼睛，規劃是大腦，那麼基礎架構就是神經系統，將自動駕駛軟件系統與車輛緊密的聯繫在一起。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/63\/638c1fb4d6c477106e884702f0e95ebe.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自動駕駛中的基礎架構相關工作"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然而在近幾年的探索中，我們發現隨着自動駕駛技術的演進，種種基於安全、效率、體驗等方面的考慮也更加苛刻。基礎架構的工作不僅僅是爲軟件算法提供支持，還需要在硬件、效率、功能安全等多個方面進行權衡。而基礎架構工作本身，則是在三個主要技術矛盾之間進行權衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術的主要矛盾"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1. 快速迭代與功能安全的矛盾"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"傳統的互聯網企業，其核心技術競爭力在於快速迭代。通過縮短迭代的週期，來加速功能的升級，進而在市場上獲取先發制人的競爭力。而傳統的汽車行業，則往往需要四至八年作爲一個迭代週期，以儘可能地確保功能安全。可見，“快速迭代” 和 “功能安全” 從時間的維度上看本身就是矛盾的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}