Linus Torvalds抨擊英特爾：你正在扼殺整個ECC行業

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新年之初，Linus一則關於 ECC（糾錯碼）內存的帖子引起技術社區的廣泛關注與討論。作爲Linux的締造者，Linus Torvalds指責英特爾阻止糾錯內存的普及，並“以糟糕的市場細分方式毀掉了整個ECC行業”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/50\/e9\/50e8ba2a0fd1bb6bd5c27ccca47a4fe9.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ECC，即error-correcting code，即糾錯碼。ECC內存使用單獨的奇偶校驗位來驗證從內存處讀取到的數據與寫入數據是否相同。如果不進行此項檢查，則內存極易受到偶發損壞的影響，包括因宇宙背景輻射而引發的內存記錄翻轉等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，內存還可能受到Rowhammer攻擊技術的影響。此項技術能快速重複讀取同一內存位置上的數據，並導致相鄰位置的比特改變其存儲狀態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而ECC內存則能很好地解決這些問題（特別是在應對Rowhammer攻擊方面），已經擁有50多年曆史，但在大多數個人計算機上還不見其蹤影。當然，成本是個重要因素，但真正令Linus感到困惑的是，英特爾已經開始在其至強系列芯片中支持ECC，相當於把這項功能引入了服務器與高端工作站；但是在酷睿等芯片家族中，ECC仍然繼續缺席。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/aa\/0f\/aa3e2e425e0c50c500603b596878a70f.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"圖片截自英特爾宣傳視頻"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"英特爾在官網的一段"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/processors\/xeon\/the-value-of-ecc-memory-for-servers.html","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"宣傳視頻"}]},{"type":"text","text":"中解釋稱，“隨着當今CPU與內存運行速度快速提升，軟內存錯誤的發生頻率也越來越高……關鍵數據的損壞，可能對業務績效乃至企業聲譽造成災難性影響。英特爾至強處理器與糾錯碼——或稱ECC內存——協同運作，能夠自動查找並修復軟內存錯誤。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"英特爾的另一則廣告則宣稱“約有三分之一的系統每年會遇到至少一項可糾正的內存錯誤……目前，ECC內存僅供服務器使用，桌面PC尚不受支持。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在Real World Tech論壇上，關於AMD全新Zen 3 Ryzen 9 5000系列處理器的討論中也出現了這個話題。目前，AMD大多數處理器均具有半官方支持的ECC功能。一位神經大條的貢獻者表示“我覺得AMD不提供官方支持的ECC也沒什麼關係，我們一樣能做。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但Linus反駁道，“ECC非常重要，這裏表達的是一種態度。從ECC實施策略的角度來看，英特爾簡直是在毒害整個行業乃至每位用戶。如果大家不相信我，請回顧看看Rowhammer這東西已經出現了多少代。每更新一代，英特爾和存儲器製造商就得爲修復頭痛好一陣子……沒錯，這些問題的根源，就是英特爾提出的'消費者不需要ECC'這個錯誤的假設，這個假設還讓ECC存儲器市場徹底消失了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值此安全問題得到高度關注的時期，這項爭議開始快速升溫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總結來講，批評一方認爲英特爾的市場營銷決策阻礙了用戶使用更加安全的技術（Rowhammer只是衆多潛在攻擊手段之一），也妨礙了PC設備在穩定性方面的正常發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linus指出，“其實ECC這件事根本沒什麼可爭的。現在就連存儲器製造商自己都在內部開發ECC方案，很明顯，他們證明了事情就該這麼辦。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他還強調至強系列的高售價影響了產品普及。“我一直在關注至強CPU產品，但裏面的賬，恕我算不清楚。英特爾的腦回路清奇，總是逼着消費者用5倍價錢購買2倍性能。所以在個人工作站上，我最終還是選擇了英特爾的消費級CPU。雖然隨着Ryzen與Threadripper的出現，至強芯片的價格有所下降，但降幅還是太小、變化也來得太晚。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正所謂做人留一線、日後好相見。Torvalds又緩和了一下緊張氣氛，“當然，除了在ECC這事上有點立場問題，我對英特爾的消費級產品總體還是很滿意的。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ECC內存還需要主板與CPU的配合支持，而面對AMD逐步將ECC作爲產品賣點，英特爾恐怕也將很快拿出相應的營銷策略。Torvalds指出，“英特爾這種操縱市場的行爲放大了用戶對於其他替代產品的需求。ARM很樂意拿出解決方案，而目前看來AMD的行動還更快。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AMD Ryzen系列芯片已經能夠支持ECC。但由於不屬於官方功能，因此在不少主板上無法實現，產品宣傳中也極少提及，導致大多數商業用戶並不敢過多依賴這種不夠穩妥的功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/01\/04\/linus_torvalds_intel_killed_ecc\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/01\/04\/linus_torvalds_intel_killed_ecc\/"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}