“飛行中換引擎”，建行信用卡核心系統的國產化改造

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國產化替代是國內企業 IT 變革的重要使命和議題。2020 年 12 月 25 日，建信金融科技信用卡及開放銀行負責人彭雲在 openEuler Summit 2020 會議上發表了《“飛行中換引擎”，建行信用卡核心系統創新實踐》的主題演講，分享了建行信用卡核心系統的國產化之旅。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"演講實錄如下"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"衆所周知，一個生態的繁榮離不開“產、學、研、用”四方面的發力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"我比較篤信隨機性對世界的影響，軟件生態這些年一直走的是演化的路。自上而下的規劃和指令可能不如自下而上的試錯、創新對生態的繁榮和發展更爲有利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"從一個用戶角度，我會分享建信金融科技爲建行信用卡核心業務系統做一個應用國產化軟硬件平臺的實踐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"建行信用卡核心業務系統的特點"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"最初，建信金融科技是建行的研發部門。作爲一個國有大行，建行的核心業務系統現在主要由建信金融科技的各個事業羣負責研發。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雖然，現在很多業務都已經搬到線上，但我先花點時間介紹一下這個業務的特點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"首先，客戶基數特別大。與對公業務不一樣，作爲對私業務，它需要面向超過 1 億用戶提供 7X24 小時或 365x24 小時的服務。所以，它對業務一致性的要求是非常高的。並且，信用卡業務也是銀行公認的最複雜的業務之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/6a\/c1\/6a77863a295dc71c011e1db591f5b4c1.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"大家使用信用卡，有查詢、刷卡、還款等，大家可能還知道信用卡業務不僅涉及還款，還有利息費用的計算，包括什麼時間還、是否免息、延期費用等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這些對業務的一致性要求很高，並且對系統運行的穩定性要求也很高。有些過程是不可逆的，如果一旦發生錯誤，回滾是一個解決方案。但是，回滾的時間窗口非常短，不像銀行自己有災備，如果出現問題，切到備用系統就可以了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"想象一下，如果所有系統使用的平臺都不可靠，不管是分佈式還是集中式，在比較致命的錯誤面前都會面臨很大的業務風險。這對一個國有大行是不可接受的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"業務規模方面，無論是客戶數量和信貸規模，包括不良率等核心指標上，建行在整個業界排名第一。並且，所有業務指標在六大國有銀行裏也是排名第一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這些年在軟硬件平臺演進之路上，我們做過多次選擇。我們的硬件平臺、軟件平臺的選擇往往不是一個規劃的結果。20 年前，沒有人知道現在金融銀行業的硬件軟件平臺使用什麼技術棧。同樣，往後看二十年，也很難看清楚。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"現在，我們爲了 openEuler 生態的演進齊聚一堂，在一起往前走，在試錯、創新的過程中，用大體量的用戶反過來推動基礎硬件和基礎軟件的完善，推動這個平臺迭代和優化，讓它更具有生命力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"建行軟硬件平臺的發展歷程"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一張信用卡發出來，那是 2002 年。那時，用的是 IBM Mainframe（大型機），操作系統是 ZOS，它是集中式的平臺，它的特點表現爲資源很集約，跑一個業務可能要佔一個機房，很多服務器堆在若干個機架上。它只有一個 BOX，像雙門冰箱那麼大，裏面有 CPU、主板和內存，磁盤掛在外面。當時，其可擴展性比較差。在發展過程中，我們遇到的計算瓶頸來自於這個 BOX 能插的 CPU 的核數非常有限，因此最終的計算能力也很有限。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"隨着業務的發展，我們需要擴展，怎麼辦？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"那也是分佈式計算開始的年代，IBM 自己也開始走出這一步，所以發明了並行耦合體的東西，叫 sysplex，保證數據一致性耦合處理的機制。2018 年，在回顧這個市場時，我們發現一個驚人數據：2018 年，全球 95%的金融業、航空業、核能等這些關係到國計民生重要經濟命脈的行業，它們的核心主機還是跑在 IBM 這個平臺上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這樣的背景下，我們走出很重要的一步。現在，作爲用戶，最深切的感受就是我們需要用的軟硬件平臺越來越複雜。爲了使用分佈式，我們的技術棧越來越複雜，模塊設計也越來越複雜。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/31\/9a\/313e964571cc924ae4fdedb27b11d79a.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"上圖左邊是基於分佈式，底層是 X86；右邊還有一部分，還是在主機上，我們經歷了向鯤鵬遷移的這樣一個過程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"爲什麼要這麼做？前面提到我們的業務量非常大，是金融業務，是對私業務，面向 1 億多客戶提供服務。所以，我們必須做到一件事，遷移必須要非常平穩。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"我們用了一種並軌運行的方式，用大機+X86 並行的機制。到 2020 年，我們做了一件事，這個項目也是工信部“核高基項目”，簡稱核心電子器件、高端通用芯片及基礎軟件產品，它代表了中國 IT 人的一種情懷和使命，即把國產硬件平臺和軟件平臺放到金融領域做的應用。我們也有幸作爲金融領域唯一的參與者來做了這件事。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"現在，我們的信用卡核心系統已經運行在兩個平臺上，是在並軌運行，其中一部分基於鯤鵬平臺，用的是麒麟 A10，麒麟操作系統內核是 openEuler。當時做了切換，技術棧有一個變化，同時，用了飛騰服務器，以及用了華爲高斯數據庫，這在業界也是一個創舉，也會引領產業化的道路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/60\/27\/60b7917115c9d1bda87ae3b6bb0ccc27.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國產化成效"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"對於實時的金融業務來說，交易響應時間是比較有代表性的指標。我們用了鯤鵬+openEuler 技術棧之後的成效，上圖標黃用的是麒麟+高斯的技術棧，標藍是傳統的，原來基於 X86 的技術棧。在硬件水平稍有優勢的情況下，麒麟技術棧交易響應時間有比較顯著的提高，大概提高 13%左右。綜合來看，穩定性、高可用性還是不錯的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"當然，在生產系統還要經歷更長時間的驗證。換一個視角，我們雖然只是使用者，但是某種意義上，我們也是生態發展的先頭部隊，屬於前鋒。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一個生態得以繁榮往往來自於這些用戶從使用的角度，從一線的角度反饋到底哪裏有問題、有哪些值得改進的地方。國外技術平臺在進入我們國家，進入金融行業的過程中，最開始也不是一帆風順，也面臨着各種各樣的考驗，恰恰中國有着人口紅利的巨大市場，依靠這些數以億計的用戶給它提供實驗室完全沒辦法擁有的樣本才能一路走到今天。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"只要我們選對了路，我相信這個生態一定會越來越繁榮。我們就走在這個一條演進之路上。作爲一名金融科技人士，作爲一箇中國的 IT 人，我覺得非常有幸參與到國產化軟硬件平臺的產業之路上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（以上內容由 InfoQ 編輯根據現場演講內容進行整理，未經本人確認）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}