時代雲網邊融合發展願景展望

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"【摘要】:數字化正在從信息產業向全產業擴展,5G將催化其拓展速度,產業間壁壘逐漸被打破,數字化企業迅速擴張,全新的寡頭經濟正在被孵化。社會生產模式在5G推動下向“連接+算力+應用+服務”形態轉變,以雲、網、邊、AI爲核心的新型技術逐漸被廣泛應用,成爲數字化時代技術底座,各類技術間內在的聯繫也在不斷建立。本論文以技術驅動、應用驅動、競爭驅動三個維度的分析爲基礎,創新提出雲網邊全融合架構發展願景,建議信息通信運營商把握數字化發展機遇,分三個階段逐步向雲網邊全融合架構演進。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"【關鍵詞】:5G、雲計算、邊緣計算、雲網邊融合、願景、路徑"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全球數字化革命正在引領新一輪產業變革,行業數字化轉型的浪潮正孕育興起,顯著特點是將“物”納入智能互聯,藉助OT與ICT技術的深度協作與融合,推動從產品向服務運營全生命週期轉型,而5G的大規模部署正在加速這一進程,雲、網、邊貫通的橋樑被建立。在數字化發展的背景下,企業間的界限愈加模糊,產業壁壘逐漸消失,幾乎所有的企業都在推進數字化轉型,信息通信運營商的網絡轉型和數字化轉型也迫在眉睫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、技術快速迭代推動雲網邊融合發展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"推動數字化進程的是不斷提速發展的各類新興技術,Gartner 發佈的《2019年技術成熟度曲線》從 2000 項技術中選出了 29 項,可以發現人工智能滲透到了其他所有趨勢中,雲、邊緣計算、智能網絡技術已進入技術成熟期,被進一步分解爲多個領域,而5G相關領域是未來幾年熱點技術也已形成業界共識。因此雲計算、智能網絡、邊緣計算、人工智能等共同形成了支撐產業數字化發展的技術底座,並在內部建立的系列“化學反應”,呈現相互融合的趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/b2\/7a\/b2dd6fe4361f076dc013b26d4c3e447a.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圖1:Gartner 2019年技術成熟度曲線"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"RightScale(Flexera)調研結果顯示雲服務成爲ICT產業風向標,雲服務模式已超越以銷售基礎資源產品爲主的IaaS時代,PaaS服務、開源技術、容器雲主導服務化雲計算時代正式來臨,混合雲已被獲得更多的青睞,同時雲原生成爲雲計算新的風向標,正式被企業大規模採用。OTT企業(如阿里)、設備廠商(如華爲)、行業企業(如平安銀行)、信息通信運營商(如中國電信)紛紛通過投資第三方、調整組織架構等方式加碼雲計算,形成直接競爭。另一方面電信網絡近年來在業務需求(如大帶寬、大流量)與技術需求(如NFV\/SDN、5G)的雙重驅動下,不斷演進迭代,向產業融合、敏態組網、智能化網絡、虛擬化、分佈式扁平化五個方向同步發展,爲信息通信運營商帶來新的契機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算力是構建未來的基礎,5G+AI將催生更多的算力需求與連接需求,算力是數字化和智能化的核心資源,雲、5G、AI的融合推動算力在“端邊雲”之間流動,邊緣算力成爲趨勢,但端+邊+雲的算力模型將給網絡的連接需求帶來新的衝擊與改變。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全產業數字化轉型對信息通信運營商來說既是挑戰也是機遇,一方面,在上個十年的發展中,ICT整體價值向互聯網產業遷移,市場價值發生轉移,產業互聯網應用規模快速增長,而“基礎設施”業務愈顯沉重,傳統通信行業管理負擔沉重,管道收益下降,基礎產品利潤空間持續降低。另一方面,數字化發展爲信息通信運營商創造了結構性改革的絕佳機遇,但面對全新的市場領域,需要應對資源配置、生態模式、跨界競爭等諸多全新的挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、生產生活方式轉變推動雲網邊融合發展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在國內,5G作爲國家戰略,被視爲國之重器,是新基建的戰略中心,科技強國的重要基石,是中國數字化經濟的新標誌,概念外沿無限放大,將引領我國未來數字化全產業生態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在5G及相關技術發展推動下,社會的運行機制也將向“連接+算力+應用+服務”的生態模式進行演進,其中連接是無處不在的網絡接入能力、算力是泛在的處理能力、應用是構建在算力上的全品類應用、服務構建的是智能優質的感知體驗。在CDN、工業互聯網、能源、智能家庭、智慧交通、安防監控、農業生產等場景中,雲網邊融合技術將得到充分應用,同時將激發醫療保健、雲遊戲等新興場景需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/f2\/60\/f210dc0957bfe6c4514636fed1a43260.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圖2:全景5G生態"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算、邊緣計算、智能網絡、人工智能作爲實現全景5G生態的關鍵技術,也是數字化轉型的新型基礎設施,協同演進至關重要,也將創造出巨大的市場機遇。因此數字化巨頭企業紛紛投身於5G生態建設中來,例如阿里近期發佈了智能製造產品“犀牛製造”以及隨身算力服務-雲電腦“無影”,華爲則依託擎天架構發佈雲原生基礎設施解決方案,提出了“雲原生 IN 基礎設施”的融合架構,將雲原生推進到 Cloud Native 2.0 時代,賦能千行百業。信息通信運營商則期望通過大規模開展5G網絡建設而掌握生態話語權,截止2020年10月三大運營商建設基站50萬站,投資超千億。但5G時代網絡同質化和終端多兼容性將抹平傳統競爭差異,爲應對市場競爭,運營商必須加快網絡轉型,時刻警惕被“管道化”。在數字化時代,信息通信運營商除了傳統網絡建設外還需更加關注雲、邊等其他新型基礎設施能力建設。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3、產業競爭加劇推動雲網邊融合發展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在產業數字化發展的大趨勢下,移動互聯網已打破信息通信運營商原有的圍牆花園模式,高速雲化進程不斷侵蝕運營商業務空間,OTT多樣的服務快速發展,促使基礎通信網絡逐漸管道化,運營商對用戶的掌控力度將繼續減弱,淪爲數據“啞管道”的趨勢加劇,成爲移動互聯網中產值較低的環節。5G時代雲網邊一體化服務模式爲運營商創造了轉型機遇,提供了從業務創新、平臺整合、生態系統構建和商業模式摸索等多方面進行轉型的條件,進而實現從“流量紅利”向“數字紅利”進而向“信息紅利”的轉變。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"構建雲網邊融合的共性基礎設施,提供產品化雲服務能力,是信息通信運營商改變“啞管道運營”格局的必然選擇。一方面,通過構建雲化管道來實現網絡資源智能化,並開放部分網絡能力,使管道產生附加值。另一方面,打造雲邊基礎能力,構築雲邊服務體系,以雲化爲基礎,建設匹配市場需求的服務能力。在產業加速升級背景下,構建雲網邊融合能力與服務體系是運營商轉型發展的主要方向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4、雲、網、邊全融合架構發展願景"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全融合架構實現了5G全景生態中“連接+算力+應用+服務”的產業模式,其中5G實現了無處不在的連接,分佈式雲能力和泛在的算力網絡實現算力間協同,賦能應用發展,區塊鏈交易算力形成閉環、可信運營服務模式。最終形成雲、網、邊三類要素能力協同規劃、建設與演進的發展模式[5]。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"雲、網、邊融合發展願景藍圖打破了運營商傳統的專業網絡劃分,以算力網絡爲核心,將雲、網、邊技術和能力有機融合,協同構建,全面支撐未來新興業務和服務的發展需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/cb\/9e\/cb86a33f9d873f36eb0b28dabf3d099e.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圖3:雲、網、邊願景藍圖"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5、雲網邊融合發展演進路徑"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲、網、邊三類新型基礎設施能力的構建對信息通信運營商數字化轉型發展至關重要,但是在技術融合發展、協同演進的大趨勢下,每一類資源若獨立進行規劃建設,勢必造成投入的浪費也無法發揮最大效用,因此雲網邊融合發展已成爲業界共識。由於信息通信運營商擁有國內網絡獨家建設運營權,在雲網邊融合建設方面具有天然優勢,可以形成完全自主可控的端到端能力優勢。但目前雲、邊能力仍是運營商技術短板,融合能力的構建不會一蹴而就。本研究對未來的發展環境進行了系統的研判,對運營商的發展現狀和麪臨的問題進行了深入分析,在此基礎上提出了信息通信運營商面向數字化轉型,全面構建雲網邊融合能力的三個發展階段:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"獨立發展階段"},{"type":"text","text":":雲計算向網、邊延伸"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在ICT產業早起發展階段,業務創新與技術演進推動產業由消費互聯網進入產業互聯網時代,新的業務形態誕生,對IT和CT提出新的要求,雲計算在業務與技術的雙重驅動下向網、邊延伸,產生了智能化網絡與邊緣計算。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/dc\/01\/dc7432ece9bbb73aa61489fafa153c01.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圖4:第一階段-獨立發展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在第一階段中雲計算的不斷髮展與應用推動雲計算的理念、技術、服務、應用向兩端延伸。創造了“智能網絡”與“邊緣計算”兩個全新的技術領域。其中雲向網延伸,形成ICT一體化服務的模式,NFV、SDN、AI等雲計算技術應用於網絡建設,使得電信雲成爲運營網絡主要形態。另一方面,雲向邊緣延伸,形成邊緣計算,邊緣計算概念自1995年從雲計算分離以來,創造了CDN、微雲、霧計算等產業,2014年歐洲電信標準協會ETSI提出的移動邊緣計算MEC(Mobile Edge Computing,MEC),2015年進入Gartner的Hype Cycle(技術成熟曲線), 2016年擴展爲多接入邊緣計算(Multi-Access Edge Computing),廣義的MEC包括應用、平臺、與IT基礎資源。第一階段的變革主要發生於上一個五年,目前我們可以認爲第一階段的目標已實現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"協同發展階段"},{"type":"text","text":":“雲網融合”與“雲邊協同”統籌發展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二階段進入交差協同發展時期,在業務需求與技術演進的雙重驅動下,產業價值在雲、網、邊間交織,創造了“雲網融合” 與“雲邊協同”兩種趨勢,誕生了多種產業形態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一階段創造了智能網絡與邊緣計算,在此基礎上,智能網絡與雲逐漸融合,創造“雲網融合”新趨勢,邊緣計算與雲開始協同,創造“雲邊協同”新趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/c7\/8f\/c7d222fcc57ff5ec5429ee85ff10cd8f.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圖5:第二階段-協同發展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲網融合方面,以網絡爲核心,網絡建設借鑑雲計算的理念(NFV、SDN),誕生電信雲。電信雲是指以雲化網絡架構爲基礎,以NFV,SDN爲主要技術,構建的資源靈活調度、能力開放、彈性伸縮、架構靈活的下一代網絡。同時,企業上雲、混合雲等雲計算業務需要強大的網絡能力的支撐,計算產業成熟和業務多樣化帶來的多雲(或數據中心)之間的互聯互通,如公有云內部互通,混合雲和跨服務商的雲資源池互通,誕生雲間互聯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲邊協同方面,邊緣節點數據存儲、計算的能力瓶頸導致需要與中心雲協同運算,另外,雲計算業務存在數據時延與安全性的要求,需要中心雲部分處理下沉至邊緣。雲邊能力協同涉及雲計算和邊緣計算節點在基礎設施、平臺、應用三個層面的全面協同,包括業務協同、服務協同、計算協同、數據協同、資源協同等。雲邊網絡協同則推動網絡架構的重構,涉及ECA(邊緣計算接入網絡)、ECN(邊緣計算內部網絡)、ECI(邊緣計算互聯網絡)。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實現全融合"},{"type":"text","text":":雲、網、邊全融合"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於雲、網、邊全融合的標準化架構是數字化產業發展目標,在泛在智能化發展推動下,雲網融合將會向“算網融合”方向發展,雲邊協同也將基於雲邊網絡向“算力無縫協同”方向演進,二者在業務場景、技術發展、架構設計、資源部署等方面相互融合,將創造雲、網、邊全融合的數字化產業服務架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/cb\/9e\/cb86a33f9d873f36eb0b28dabf3d099e.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圖6:雲網邊全融合架構"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前運營商雲網邊能力正處於數字化發展第一階段邁向第二階段的關鍵時期,一方面需要分別完善雲、網、邊能力,另一方面需佈局雲專網、邊緣雲、網絡雲化、智能化等第二階段的關鍵能力,探索雲網融合、雲邊協同的架構設計與資源配置。同時以終爲始考慮全融合架構的初步規劃,構建“連接+算力+應用+服務”的產業支撐能力與服務模式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"作者簡介"},{"type":"text","text":":"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"路宇浩,現任中國移動設計院高級諮詢師,研究方向爲雲原生體系下雲計算、邊緣計算等領域,主要負責中國移動省級公司網絡建設規劃諮詢項目。參與過運營商內部各個層級組織的雲能力、雲平臺及微服務架構改造架構規劃與建設實施項目,擁有大型微服務管控體系的設計與實施經驗。多年來一直致力於IT與CT多類技術棧體系微服務改造建設工作。"}]}]}
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