在特朗普“幹掉”TikTok之前，TikTok先出手了

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一直揚言要封禁TikTok的特朗普沒能封掉TikTok，卻遭到了TikTok的封殺。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TikTok封禁特朗普煽動暴徒的內容"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"社交媒體一直是特朗普非常重要的政治資源，他也非常善於利用社交媒體吸引公衆的關注。2016年競選美國總統時，特朗普便利用Twitter、Facebook等平臺爲自己打造“好好先生”的人設IP，他也憑藉着這樣的正面形象擊敗對手入主白宮。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但入主白宮後，特朗普卻開始在社交媒體上的表現卻與之前截然相反，他開始攻擊對手並且不定時發表煽動性言論，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"更嚴重的是他甚至公然煽動暴徒入侵美國國會大廈"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。這一舉動引起了硅谷科技巨頭們的不滿，也因此遭到了巨頭們的憤然圍剿。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"據 Axios 統計，目前已經有大量軟件對特朗普的相關賬戶採取了封禁或限制措施，包括 Facebook、TikTok、Youtube、Instagram、Snapchat、Pinterest、Reddit、視頻軟件 Twitch、電商軟件 Shopify 和 Discord。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"暴徒入侵美國國會大廈事件發生的隔天，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"TikTok也宣佈將封禁所有有關特朗普煽動暴徒的內容"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"特朗普在2020年8月就曾表示過：“我們正在禁止TikTok入侵美國。” 同月，特朗普再次表態，TikTok“出於安全原因不能被中國控制。因爲它的影響力太大了，太具有侵犯性了。”美國官員聲稱，TikTok允許中國政府訪問用戶數據，審查政治話題，並可能被用來散佈錯誤信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但是仍在美國運營的TikTok在本上週末確認了正在着手刪除特朗普講話的某些視頻，原因是這些視頻違反了該公司的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"散播錯誤信息政策"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"實際上，特朗普在TikTok平臺上沒有自己的賬戶，但由於特朗普煽動"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"暴徒入侵美國國會大廈，因此"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"TikTok選擇與Twitter、Facebook、Instagram和Snapchat等硅谷巨頭們站在一條戰線上，全面封禁特朗普的不正當言論和行爲在其平臺上的傳播。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除了刪除總統演講的錄像帶之外，TikTok還阻止了與國會大廈襲擊有關的某些主題標籤，例如 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"#stormcapitol、#patriotparty"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"等指向性明確的主題標籤。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"TikTok在一份聲明中表示：“TikTok上不允許仇恨行爲和暴力。試圖煽動、美化或促進暴力的內容或帳戶違反了我們的社區準則，將被刪除。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在一衆主流社交媒體平臺紛紛封禁特朗普後，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一家名爲“Parler”的社交媒體平臺成爲了特朗普在Twitter、Facebook等平臺失意後的替代性平臺。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"早前特朗普的競選活動推動了 Parler 的發展，過去幾個月該平臺的用戶量亦增長迅速，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"特朗普和他的幾個子女在 Parler 上都有賬號。Parler 亦幾度成爲 Android 和 iOS 美國下載榜的榜首。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"然而，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"從上週五晚開始，谷歌、蘋果和亞馬遜分別對 Parler 進行下架和停服處理，理由是 Parler對內容缺乏管理，平臺仍充斥大量有害的煽動暴力和犯罪的言論。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"蘋果曾在上週五給 Parler 發整改通知，限其在 24 小時內解決問題。週六，蘋果在一份聲明中表示已將 Parler 從 App Store 中下架，直到他們解決這些問題爲止。蘋果認爲，Parler 採取的減緩或防止危險和非法內容擴散的程序是不充分的。“我們一直支持在 App Store 上體現不同的觀點，但我們的平臺上不允許暴力威脅和非法活動存在。”隨後亞馬遜也稱將不再向 Parler 提供雲服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"重重壓力之下，Parler亦開始有所妥協。外媒指出，週日 Parler 刪除了特朗普的競選律師兼支持者林·伍德（Lin Wood）的多條帖子，其中包括伍德在帖子裏呼籲對副總統邁克·彭斯（Mike Pence）採取暴力手段。這是該社交平臺首次刪除一位高調保守派人士的內容。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"特朗普與TikTok漫長糾葛"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"幾個月來，特朗普政府對於TikTok的打壓從未停止。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"當地時間 7月7日"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，美國聯邦貿易委員會（FTC）和美國司法部開始聯手調查 TikTok，指控其未能履行 2019 年旨在保護兒童隱私的協議，即 TikTok 未能按照協議刪除 13 歲及以下用戶的視頻和個人信息。此外，由於 TikTok 的母公司字節跳動位於中國，美國政府擔心 TikTok 可能會與中國政府共享用戶數據，無論是有意的數據請求方式還是無意的監視軟件方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"對於數據安全的指控，TikTok一再予以否認。據TikTok官方表示，TikTok 美國用戶的數據存儲在美國的服務器上，並在新加坡進行備份。然而，這樣的說明並未讓特朗普政府停止對TikTok的忌憚和打壓。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020年8月，當時特朗普簽署了一項行政命令，出於國家安全考慮（TikTok平臺上有1億多活躍用戶，因此特朗普政府認爲這在美國是一個安全隱患），將限制TikTok在美國的業務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"TikTok和TikTok內容創建者針對特朗普的行政命令提起了各種訴訟。在10月和12月，兩名聯邦法官在其他案件中對政府的禁令做出裁定，有效地阻止了特朗普政府對於TikTok限制令的執行。12月28日，特朗普政府對12月的禁令提出上訴。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"同時，字節跳動響應了特朗普的命令，開始尋找一家可以收購TikTok的美國公司，這家美國公司可以避免TikTok App在美國的禁令。8月，有媒體報道稱微軟可能會收購TikTok時，特朗普稱TikTok爲“熱門品牌”，並要求降低TikTok出售的價格。但是甲骨文和沃爾瑪擊敗了微軟，成爲收購TikTok的領先者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"美國商務部反覆延長了爲字節跳動設定的截止日期，以完成TikTok在美國業務的出售或面臨美國禁令。美國時間 12 月 4 日是 TikTok 在美業務出售交易的最後限期。但如今期限已過，交易尚未完成，美國方面雖未再次延長期限，但也並未對 TikTok 採取強制動作：TikTok銷售談判仍在進行中；商務部沒有設定新的期限；而且該應用在美國仍然可以正常運行。但是，那些想要觀看特朗普演講的人將不得不轉向其他地方。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"儘管特朗普政府幾個月來一直努力禁止TikTok或極力安排中國母公司出售其美國業務，但TikTok在美國仍然活得很好。樂觀的分析認爲，在特朗普卸任後，新當選的總統喬 · 拜登（Joe Biden）可能不會像特朗普那樣對 TikTok 窮追猛打。彭博社指出，TikTok 與特朗普政府之間的部分訴訟期限已經延至今年1月份以後，這意味着如果拜登上臺後決定放棄訴訟，這些官司就會自動失效。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"距離拜登 1 月 20 日就職僅剩幾天的時間，在這期間，理論上特朗普仍可以繼續對 TikTok 施加壓力甚至可能強令其退出美國市場。只是，如今自顧不暇的特朗普沒來得及封禁TikTok，而TikTok卻先出手了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"參考鏈接："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2021\/01\/11\/tiktok-bans-trump-before-trump-bans-tiktok\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2021\/01\/11\/tiktok-bans-trump-before-trump-bans-tiktok\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]}]}