開源的六大謊言

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源是我在IT行業中遇到的最有趣的事情之一。它本質上是一種運動，將人們聚集在一起做一個產品。他們通常免費做這些事情，特別是在項目的開始階段，然後負責維護，讓其他人可以免費使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我傾向於認爲，如果有更多的行業像軟件行業一樣採用開源模式，那麼事情會變得容易得多。不過話說回來，我們要討論的不是這個。事實上，開源運動並不像人們想象的那麼完美，因爲參與開源的是人，而人是不完美的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在開源的發展過程中，人們對它產生了很多誤解。這些誤解有很多是來自開源項目的用戶（即他們只是開源項目的用戶，而非貢獻者），或者是來自那些在錯誤的時機參與開源項目的人，從而破壞了原本精彩的開源體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我寫這篇文章的目的是討論IT行業中有關開源的一些最常見的誤解，作爲新進者的你就可以自己決定是否要加入這個運動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"本文最初發佈於Medium（"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/better-programming\/the-biggest-lie-in-open-source-de38f71aa88c","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"《The Biggest Lie in Open Source》"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"），經作者授權，由InfoQ翻譯並分享。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成本是免費的，那麼使用也必須免費"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"誰都知道這個，對吧？開源是免費的。我們可以免費從GitHub下載開發庫，作爲開發者，我們也可以在那裏免費發佈項目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，只要我們有電腦，就可以寫代碼，並免費與整個行業分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"錯了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們傾向於將成本與資源(通常是物理資源)聯繫在一起，但除了電腦，我們還需要什麼資源來生產和維護開源軟件呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"沒錯，你的時間就是一種資源。事實上，這是你擁有的最有價值的資源之一，而你卻在考慮免費把它送給別人？你在開源項目上花費的時間可能是你的僱主沒有給你補償的那部分(除非你是在爲他們開發這些項目)。所以，如果你的時間沒有換來收入，那你換來了什麼？你和愛人相處的時間？你用來放鬆的時間？幾個小時的睡眠？鍛鍊的時間？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"時間是寶貴的，參與開源項目的每個人的時間也都是寶貴的。他們願意犧牲自己的時間開發項目給你用，但這並不意味着你有權要求你想要的任何東西。我看到有人要求貢獻者提供24小時支持，或者因爲他們自己的（私人）項目需要某些功能就要求貢獻者接受他們的要求。這樣的例子不勝枚舉。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據項目的不同，既有一個人的團隊，也有由委員會領導的大型團隊，他們花費了時間和資源（是的，有時他們需要在這些項目上花錢），讓其他用戶可以免費使用他們開發的庫或框架。當你以後想要抱怨開源項目時，請先想一想項目維護者付出的成本吧。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源不會帶來收入"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源軟件是免費的，因此，它的維護者和作者不能靠它謀生。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"錯了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"乍一看，開源軟件對用戶來說是免費的，但要斷定這不能作爲一個有效的收入來源還爲時過早。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就像任何數字產品一樣，賺錢完全取決於你的商業模式和營銷策略。如果你對如何基於開源項目賺錢感興趣，下面是一些建議，供你參考。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提供專業服務"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這是最常見的一種方式。之前說過，人們傾向於認爲，既然你已經開發了一個項目並向全世界發佈了，那麼你就要24小時提供支持。這絕對是一個完全不同的工作領域，既然如此，爲什麼不收費呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，你還可以收取培訓費用，甚至爲那些想要使用你的免費產品的公司提供支持。這些就是我們所說的專業服務（爲使用你產品的公司提供服務）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有一些大型的開源項目就是這樣做的。例如，RedHat、IBM、Hortonworks和Percona。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提供相關內容"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你看到過（甚至是讀過）多少本有關React或PHP的書？這些書都不是免費的，不是嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":nul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