中臺 | 中臺到底是什麼？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"到處都在喊中臺，到處都是中臺，中臺這個詞在好多地方已經被濫用了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在有些人眼裏：中臺就是技術平臺，像微服務開發框架、Devops平臺、PaaS平臺，容器雲之類的，人們都叫它“技術中臺”。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在有些人眼裏：中臺就是微服務業務平臺，像最常見的什麼用戶中心，訂單中心，各種微服務集散地，人們都叫它“業務中臺”。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在有些人眼裏：中臺應該是組織的事情，類似於企業內部資源調度中心和內部創新孵化組織，人們都叫它“組織中臺”。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"中臺","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，從字面意思上理解，是位於前臺和後臺之間。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼，中臺到底是什麼呢？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"談到中臺，首先會想到阿里巴巴，今天就從阿里中臺開始，一起認識下中臺到底是什麼？到底如何發展而來的呢？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"阿里中臺的發展歷程","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/71/71379ad6b8495982986bcb86514536eb.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"阿里巴巴在2003年時成立了淘寶事業部，2008年時成立了天貓事業部（其中一部分人來自淘寶事業部），沒過多久，天貓與淘寶並駕齊驅，此時淘寶的技術團隊同時支持着淘寶和天貓的業務，淘寶優先滿足自己的業務，使得天貓的業務團隊怨聲載道，嚴重影響了天貓的業務發展。。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一個問題是業務架構層面的問題：當時淘寶和天貓的電商系統是完全獨立的兩套體系，但同時都包含了商品、交易、評價、支付、物流等相同功能。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正因爲上面的問題，2009年，“共享事業部”應運而生，主要成員來自於之前的淘寶技術團隊，在組織架構上與淘寶、天貓同級別（如上圖中4），集團希望以這樣的方式更好地讓技術團隊同時支持好淘寶和天貓的業務，並將兩套電商的業務做了梳理和沉澱，把兩個平臺中公共的、通用的業務功能沉澱到了共享事業部，避免功能的重複建設和維護，更合理地利用技術資源。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但接下來的發展卻事與願違。雖然組織架構上共享事業部和淘寶、天貓平級，但在對業務的理解和貢獻上來說，顯然淘寶和天貓擁有更多的話語權，結果是共享事業部在兩大業務部門的夾縫中生存（如上圖中5）。到此，共享事業部的發展與大多數人的期望有很大偏差。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"看看接下來又發生了什麼故事，如下圖：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/8c/8c6c7531d6dee4154d813a5f4df7df80.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2010年聚划算出現了。聚划算平臺剛一上線，就展現出強大的流量吸引力，所以一時間大家趨之若鶩，紛紛對接聚划算平臺。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後來1688也參與其中，三大電商運營人員各展所長，爭佔聚划算平臺上的有利資源，面對如洪流般的業務對接需求，當時剛成立不久的聚划算團隊應接不暇（如上圖中上右）。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這時，集團要求三大電商平臺如果要與聚划算平臺進行業務對接，必須通過共享事業部！正是有了這“點睛之筆”，共享事業部便有了一個極強的抓手，將原本與三大電商平臺對話權不平等的情況拉平，這使得“共享事業部”成爲了阿里巴巴集團的核心業務平臺。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","at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差異化競爭力","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。”","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/4c/4cf9326735171c05a768a08f00d20839.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"業務中臺","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"將後臺資源進行抽象包裝整合，轉化爲前臺友好的","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"可重用共享","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"的核心能力，實現後端業務資源到前臺易用能力的轉化。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"數據中臺","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"從後臺及業務中臺將數據流入，完成海量數據的存儲、計算、產品化包裝過程，構成企業的核心數據能力，爲前臺基於數據的定製化創新和業務中臺基於數據反饋的持續演進提供了強大支撐。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"技術中臺","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"將使用雲或其他基礎設施的能力以及應用各種技術中間件的能力進行整合和包裝，助力前臺和業務中臺及數據中臺的快速建設。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"研發中臺","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"爲前臺應用提供了流程和質量管控以及持續交付的能力，將企業的開發流程最佳實踐沉澱成可重用的“能力”，從而助力創新性應用的快速開發迭代。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"參考文檔：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":"","normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"鍾華《企業IT架構轉型之道：阿里巴巴中臺》","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"王健《白話中臺戰略》","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}