Elasticsearch 和 Kibana更改開源協議

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1月15日，Elastic 公司 CEO Shay Banon 在公司官網"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/cn\/blog\/licensing-change","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"發文"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，宣佈將改變 Elasticsearch 和 Kibana 的開源協議，由 Apache 2.0 變更爲 SSPL 與 Elastic License。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/97\/97a1b4b0e66d83b36b4bbc9cb633b0d0.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shay Banon"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他在文中寫道："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們正着手將 Elasticsearch 與 Kibana 中遵循 Apache 2.0 許可的部分源代碼轉爲 SSPL 以及 Elastic License。完成後，用戶將可以自由選擇適合需求的許可。此次許可變更將確保我們的社區及客戶能更加自由開放地訪問、使用、修改、重新發布以及協同使用這部分代碼。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然源代碼許可有所改變，但是對絕大多數免費使用默認發行版的社區用戶沒有任何影響。此外，該公司的雲客戶以及自主管理軟件客戶也不會受到影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而受此影響的主要對象是雲服務提供商。Shay Banon 表示，“此舉將限制雲服務提供商在不對項目做出貢獻的情況下，發佈自己的 Elasticsearch 與 Kibana 服務，藉此保護我們在開發免費及公開發布產品方面持續投入的大量資源。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"變更詳情"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，自 Elastic 7.11 版本開始，Elasticsearch 與 Kibana 代碼所遵循的 Apache 2.0 許可會調整爲 SSPL 與 Elastic License 雙許可。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而 SSPL 是由 MongoDB 制定的源代碼許可，旨在充分體現開源代碼原則。同時，針對雲服務提供商做出限制，即要求雲服務提供商在未對項目做出貢獻的情況下，不得發佈自己的開源產品即服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SSPL 允許用戶以自由且不受限制的方式使用並修改代碼成果，唯一的要求是：如果將產品以作爲一種服務進行交付，那麼必須同時公開發布所有關於修改及 SSPL 之下管理層的源代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/0f\/0f2090c088989ade459993c452dd9de1.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shay Banon 寫道："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"之所以選擇這條道路，是因爲這纔是繼續保持開放的正確思路，同時也將給我們的社區與公司提供保護。在某種程度上，這一切將使我們的開放程度進一步提高。作爲後續措施，我們將逐步將免費專有功能從 Elastic License 轉向 SSPL 加 Elastic License 雙許可，旨在進一步增強我們希望達成的產品自由與開放目標。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼做出變更？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Shay Banon 看來，過去三年以來，整個市場不斷髮展，社區也逐漸意識到開源企業需要加大軟件保護力度，才能始終保持良好的投資與創新水平。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Elastic 公司遇到的挑戰在於，雲廠商紛紛將開源軟件集成到自己的雲產品中，以整體的雲服務解決方案推向客戶。長此以往，客戶將越來越多地使用雲廠商的一站式雲服務，而非開源軟件的付費版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用 Shay Banon 的話說，“隨着向 SaaS 交付模式的轉變，部分雲服務提供商在未做任何回饋的情況下將開源產品直接以服務的形式推出。這不僅消耗了本應投入到產品開發中的資金，也會給用戶及社區造成傷害。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他表示，“與其他開源廠商類似，我們經歷了從商標濫用、到通過 OSS 產品粉飾之後的所謂‘開放’項目、再到從我們的專有代碼中提取‘靈感’並破壞項目社區的整個過程。不同的開源企業會選擇不同的應對之道，但爲了保護對自由軟件的投資，它們通常會修改開源許可，同時努力繼續保持開放、透明與協作等基本原則。同樣的，我們也自然採取下一步行動，即有針對性地更改我們對源代碼的許可方式。這項更改不會對絕大多數用戶造成任何影響，只會限制雲服務提供商將我們的開發成果轉化爲軟件即服務的形式。\""}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"學習 MongoDB"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲一名有多年開源經驗的人，Shay Banon 正在借鑑 MongoDB 的做法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018 年 10 月，MongoDB 宣佈其開源許可證將從 GNU AGPLv3，切換到 SSPL，新許可證將適用於新版本的 MongoDB Community Server 以及打過補丁的舊版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此事一出，引起極大關注，同時 RedHat 等廠商紛紛表示將棄用 MongoDB。一時之間，MongoDB 似乎深陷險境。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對此事，一名叫 rockrush 的網友表示，“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"廠商享受開源帶來的便利（軟件和支持），但不回饋，這樣的用戶只會增加社區負擔，卻對社區的發展毫無益處"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"網名爲 robortly 的網友評論道，“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"當開源變成一種習慣性的拿來主義，事情就變得越來越糟糕"},{"type":"text","text":"。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源這件事做起來並不容易，它不僅需要機構大力支持和推廣，比如公司、社區、基金會等，而且開源軟件產品需要持續迭代、維護，甚至開發者要投入大量的時間、精力等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對 MongoDB 和 Elastic 公司而言，雲廠商不僅不回饋開源項目，而且蠶食他們的利益。針對這樣的行爲，它們自然會採取針對性措施。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ef\/efe6c5c1dbe96f57f0e024075ee7216d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MongoDB股價走勢圖（2018.10-2021.1.17）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 MongoDB 更改開源協議過去兩年後，這家公司不僅還活着，而且活得很好，其股價也從 2018 年的不足 100 美元 \/ 股漲到現在的 361 美元 \/ 股。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shay Banon 在最後寫道：“我們將繼續以開放方式開發代碼，與社區保持交互，並像過去三年一樣基於 Elastic License 免費發佈社區發行版。我們將繼續致力於全面發佈所有免費功能，且不會對免費功能與付費訂閱中的功能內容做出任何更改。”"}]}]}