特朗普最後一擊：再打華爲，8份許可被撤銷，150份申請大部分被拒絕

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"特朗普在卸任前三天，再次出招試圖打壓華爲。路透社援引知情人士消息稱，特朗普政府通知包括芯片生產商英特爾在內的幾家華爲供應商，將撤銷部分對華爲銷售產品的許可證，並打算拒絕其他幾十個向華爲供貨的申請。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/8b\/43\/8ba7585084d1fa8f5754fdda221d4d43.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"路透社認爲，這或是特朗普政府任期內對華爲的最後一擊，也是美國政府長期以來旨在削弱華爲所採取的行動的最新一招。特朗普政府一直聲稱，華爲威脅到美國國家安全和外交政策利益。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，據路透社看到的一封記錄這些動作的電子郵件，美國半導體工業協會（Semiconductor Industry Association）當地時間1月15日表示，商務部已發佈了“否決多個對華爲出口許可申請，並取消此前發放的一個出口許可的意向”。郵件稱，行動涉及半導體行業“廣泛”產品，並詢問企業是否收到了通知。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"消息人士稱，在此次行動前，約有價值1200億美元的150個出口許可等待審批，由於美國政府各機構無法就是否應該發放這些許可證達成共識，這些許可證目前處於被擱置的狀態。上述郵件還指出，企業爲了這些許可決定已經等了“好幾個月”，現任政府還有不到一週時間就離任，處理這件事是個挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"截至目前，美國商務部、半導體協會和英特爾方面尚未對此作出迴應。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“最後的瘋狂”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，收到美國政府“拒絕意圖”通知的公司有20天的響應時間。如果結果有任何變化，美國商務部則有45天的時間告知這些公司，否則這些更改將成爲最終決定。然後，這些半導體企業有45天的時間進行上訴。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國早在2019年5月就將華爲列入商務部的“實體清單”，限制供應商向華爲出售美國商品和技術。期間美國也一而再再而三地升級對華爲的限制，包括加強出口管制，限制美國企業在國外銷售使用美國技術製造的半導體的許可證的權力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"消息人士表示，另外有價值2800億屬於華爲的商品和技術許可尚未被處理，但現在被拒絕的可能性更高。美國去年8月出臺的一項規定明確指出，具有5G功能的產品可能會被拒絕，但針對不是太先進的技術銷售，則會依據具體情況決定。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"消息人士稱，從1月4日開始，美國政府與商務部、國務院、國防部和能源部的高級官員舉行了6次會議，最終做出上述決定和通知。同時就哪些技術能夠實現5G制定了詳細的規範，並在規範出臺後，立即執行該標準。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"該人士進一步說，根據這些規範，美國官員否決了150個有爭議的許可申請中的大多數，並撤銷了8個許可證。美國政府的最新行動，是在前貿易律師史都華（Corey Stewart）出任美國商務部的資深職位後開始執行，特朗普希望藉此推動強硬的中國政策。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了打擊華爲，1月14日，美國再將9家中國企業列入所謂“與中國軍方相關”的黑名單中，其中包括小米集團及飛機制造商中國商飛。路透社評論稱，特朗普政府不斷擴大投資禁令“黑名單”，是要在任期最後幾天鞏固其對華強硬的“政治遺產”，截至目前已有包括中芯國際、中海油在內的35家中企被列入名單中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對美方持續打壓華爲等中國企業的行爲，中方此前已多次作出迴應。中國外交部發言人趙立堅1月14日曾表示，中方在有關問題上的立場是一貫的、明確的。“中國政府一貫鼓勵中國企業按照市場原則和國際規則、依法依規開展對外經濟合作。我們反對的是將經貿問題政治化，濫用國家力量、泛化國家安全概念，無端打壓外國企業。美方應該切實尊重市場經濟和公平競爭原則，遵守國際經貿規則，爲包括中國企業在內的各國企業在美投資經營提供開放、公平、公正、非歧視的營商環境。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/cn.reuters.com\/article\/usa-huawei-tech-trump-0117-sun-idCNKBS29N01U"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/usa-huawei-tech\/exclusive-trump-admin-slams-chinas-huawei-halting-shipments-from-intel-others-sources-idUSL1N2JS0HT"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延伸閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/h8R04zpJo0glo3m21JXB\n","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“被禁”的 2020：華爲、中芯國際、臺積電和 TikTok 都經歷了什麼？"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/OVl29YJ4D8tSuXpc6zBH","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"120天已至，華爲全面斷芯，沒有Plan B"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/UfQgC9RfdxdCONZGBvxx\n","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國對華爲極限施壓！全面封鎖第三方芯片採購路徑"}]},{"type":"text","text":"》"}]}]}